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Robert Combas is a French painter and sculptor. He lives and works in Paris.
He is widely recognized as a progenitor of the figuration libre movement that began in Paris around 1980 as a reaction to the art establishment in general and minimalism and conceptual art in particular.
Figuration libre is often regarded as having roots in Fauvism and Expressionism and is linked to contemporary movements such as Bad Painting and Neo-expressionism. It draws on pop cultural influences such as graffiti, cartoons and rock music in an attempt to produce a more varied, direct and honest reflection of contemporary society, often satirizing or critiquing its excesses.
Marie Vassilieff was a French artist born in Smolensk, Russia. She moved to Paris in 1905 to study art, and became a prominent figure in the city's artistic community. Vassilieff was a painter, sculptor, and designer, and was known for her involvement in the Cubist and Montparnasse art movements.
In 1910, Vassilieff opened La Ruche, a studio complex and artist colony in the 15th arrondissement of Paris. The complex was made up of small, inexpensive studios that were rented out to artists who were just starting out, as well as more established artists who needed a place to work. La Ruche quickly became a gathering place for some of the most important artists of the time, including Marc Chagall, Max Ernst, and Amedeo Modigliani.
During World War I, Vassilieff worked as a nurse and ambulance driver, and she was awarded the Croix de Guerre for her service. She continued to work as an artist after the war, and was involved in several exhibitions, including the Salon d'Automne and the Salon des Indépendants.
In addition to her artistic work, Vassilieff was also known for her activism. She was a member of the French Communist Party, and was involved in various socialist and feminist organizations.
Marcel Lajos Breuer was a Hungarian American modernist architect and furniture designer. He moved to the United States in 1937 and became a naturalized American citizen in 1944.
At the Bauhaus he designed the Wassily Chair and the Cesca Chair, which The New York Times have called some of the most important chairs of the 20th century. Breuer extended the sculpture vocabulary he had developed in the carpentry shop at the Bauhaus into a personal architecture that made him one of the world's most popular architects at the peak of 20th-century design. His work includes art museums, libraries, college buildings, office buildings, and residences. Many are in a Brutalist architecture style, including the former IBM Research and Development facility which was the birthplace of the first personal computer. He is regarded as one of the great innovators of modern furniture design and one of the most-influential exponents of the International Style.
