Holy Roman Empire
Balthasar Augustin Albrecht was a German painter of the first half of the 18th century. He is known as a painter who worked in portrait, historical and religious genres.
Albrecht began his career in 1719. He was appointed court painter at the court of the Elector of Bavaria and inspector-custodian of the Picture Gallery in Munich. In addition to portraits and paintings, he created frescoes and altarpieces in churches in Munich and other German cities.
Carl Gustav Carus was a German painter of the first half of the 19th century. He is known as a landscape painter, as well as a scientist, physician (gynecologist, anatomist, pathologist, psychologist) and a major theorist of Romanticism in art.
Carus created idyllic landscapes depicting moonlit nights, mountains, forests, Gothic architecture and ruins. In his work, according to critics, he combined a romantic view of nature with the classical ideal of beauty, understood the beautiful as a triad of God, nature and man. Noteworthy are his small-format, spontaneously created landscape sketches with images of clouds. The master is the author of "Nine Letters on Landscape Painting" - one of the main theoretical works that laid the foundations of the German Romantic school of painting.
Lucas Cranach the Younger was a German painter of the mid-16th century. He is known as a Renaissance painter and portraitist, one of the sons of the painter and graphic artist Lucas Cranach the Elder.
Cranach the Younger painted portraits and paintings of the mythological genre. Despite his lack of courtly status, he worked for the social elite, including princes and nobles. After the artist's death, his works were distributed to various churches, schools, castles and homes. As a member of the new generation, he favored rich and flamboyant images. Cranach the Younger is believed to have created a new artistic program for the Protestants.
Albrecht Dürer, born on May 21, 1471 in Nuremberg, Germany, is widely regarded as the greatest German Renaissance painter. His contribution to painting and engraving is quite significant and has left a notable mark on the art world. Dürer's early life was spent in Nuremberg, a city that played a crucial role in his development as an artist and was also the site of his death on April 6, 1528. He was the son of the goldsmith Albrecht Dürer the Elder, from whom he initially learned the basics of drawing and metalworking.
Dürer's work is characterized by a combination of Gothic elements with the emerging Renaissance style, which is evident in his woodcuts and engravings. His oeuvre encompasses many themes, including religious works, altarpieces, portraits, and self-portraits. His outstanding prints, such as The Knight, Death and the Devil (1513), St. Jerome in his Study (1514) and Melencolia I (1514), are known for their intricate detail and artistic skill. Dürer was also one of the earliest European landscape painters, as evidenced by his watercolor paintings.
Equally significant are his theoretical writings on mathematics, perspective, and ideal proportions in art. Dürer was not only an artist but also a keen intellectual, his interests encompassing various aspects of culture and science. He served as court painter to Holy Roman Emperors Maximilian I and Charles V, completing several significant art projects for them. Dürer's keen mind and versatile interests brought him into contact with the most prominent figures of his time, including theologians and scientists of the Reformation era.
Dürer's self-portraits are particularly famous, demonstrating not only his artistic skill but also his self-awareness and personal style. These portraits attest to his growing success and confidence as an artist. Dürer's legacy is immense; he influenced not only the art of his time, but also left an indelible mark on the history of European art.
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Günther Gensler was a German artist of the mid-nineteenth century. He is known as a painter, draughtsman, graphic artist and printmaker, a representative of the Hamburg art school.
Gensler created more than 120 oil paintings and graphic works during his career. The most famous of them is the painting "Meeting of Members of the Hamburg Artists' Club" in 1840. The master began preparatory work on this group portrait in 1838.
In 2019, Gensler's works were part of the exhibition "The Hamburg School - Rediscovering the 19th Century" at the Hamburger Kunsthalle.
Matthias Grünewald was a German Renaissance painter, celebrated for his deeply emotional and vivid religious works that diverged significantly from the classical influences of the Renaissance to embrace a more intense, expressive style. Born around 1480 in Würzburg, Germany, and passing in August 1528, Grünewald's artistry remains a beacon of visionary expressiveness, marked by its intense coloration and agitated lines, making him one of the most remarkable German painters of his time.
Grünewald's most renowned work, the Isenheim Altarpiece, created for the monastery at Isenheim, Alsace, between 1512 and 1516, showcases his unparalleled ability to depict religious fervor and human suffering with a raw intensity. This masterpiece, now housed in the Unterlinden Museum in Colmar, France, is celebrated for its intricate detail, emotional depth, and innovative use of color and light. The altarpiece, with its depictions of the Crucifixion, the Temptation of St. Anthony, and the Resurrection, among others, is a pivotal work that resonates with themes of pain, redemption, and hope, reflecting Grünewald's profound religious and mystical inclinations.
Aside from the Isenheim Altarpiece, Grünewald's oeuvre includes several other notable works. His paintings are primarily found in Germany, with notable exceptions such as a small Crucifixion in Washington and another in Basel, Switzerland. His contributions to the Heller Altarpiece in Frankfurt, alongside works by Albrecht Dürer, although partly destroyed, further attest to his skill and innovative approach to religious painting.
Grünewald's legacy extends beyond his paintings. By the late 19th century, he was rediscovered and became a figure of admiration among German Nationalists and Modernists, drawn to the expressive emotionality of his work. His influence is evident in various cultural expressions, including literature and music, where his life and works have inspired novels and operas, underscoring his lasting impact on not only art but also on German cultural identity.
For collectors and experts in art and antiques, the emotional intensity and historical significance of Matthias Grünewald's work make his paintings highly sought after. His unique approach to religious themes, combining deep spirituality with a dramatic visual style, continues to captivate and inspire. If you're keen on exploring the profound depths of Grünewald's artistry and wish to stay informed about new discoveries, sales, and auction events related to his work, signing up for updates is a step into the world of one of the Renaissance's most enigmatic figures. This subscription ensures you're always at the forefront of the latest insights and opportunities related to Matthias Grünewald's enduring legacy.
Johann Gerhard Huck was a German artist of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. He is known as a painter, draughtsman, graphic artist and copperplate engraver.
Huck early in his career worked at the Academy of Arts in Düsseldorf, then studied with the famous engraver Valentine Green in London. The master founded the Academy of Art in Hanover and was court engraver to the Hanoverian royal court. He was also a member of the Chalcographic Society of Dessau. Among his famous works is a portrait of Baron and patron of the arts Friedrich Moritz von Brabach.
Ferdinand Jagemann was a German painter of the first quarter of the 19th century. He is known as a painter and graphic artist, especially famous in portraiture.
Ferdinand Jagemann created many portraits of famous personalities of his time, including several portraits of Johann Wolfgang Goethe painted in 1805, 1806, 1817 and 1819, as well as Friedrich Schiller, whom he portrayed on his deathbed.
Joseph Kellerhoven was a German painter of the first half of the nineteenth century. He is known as a portrait painter, teacher, and as the son of another famous portrait painter, Moritz Kellerhoven.
Joseph Kellerhoven was mainly engaged in the creation of portraits, adhering to the style of his father. According to contemporaries, his work was distinguished by its excellent concept, a fine sense of color and a refined technique. The drawing lessons taught by the artist were also highly regarded. Kellerhoven also created religious paintings.
Franz Kobell was a German painter of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. He is known as a painter, draughtsman, architectural landscape painter, landscape painter, and brother of the artist Ferdinand Kobell.
Franz Kobell was court painter to the Elector Maximilian III of Bavaria. In addition to a small number of oil paintings, he produced more than 20,000 drawings of architectural landscape subjects, possessing the ability to work quickly and easily with pen and watercolor. His works ended up in various public and private collections.
Ferdinand Kobell was a German painter of the second half of the eighteenth century. He is known as a painter, graphic artist, printmaker and landscape painter.
Kobell painted landscapes inspired by the style of Nicholas Berchem. His oil paintings are in many German galleries, but he was much more skillful, according to critics, in conveying the states of nature with an engraving needle. Kobbel is considered a master of landscape etchings, which are recognized as some of the best of the 18th century.
Kobell had seven children, including Wilhelm von Kobell, who also became a landscape, animalist and battle painter.
Martin Kober was a Polish painter of the second half of the 16th century of German origin. He is known as a court portrait painter, the founder of this genre in Poland.
Kober was a court painter who worked with various monarchs of Central Europe, including the Holy Roman Emperor, Polish kings and queens Stephen Bathory, Rudolf II, Anna Jagiellonka, and Sigismund III Vasa. Kober was the first artist in Poland to specialize in formal portraiture. His work had a significant influence on royal iconography and played an important role in the development of Polish portraiture. Kober was also an important representative of the early Baroque and his style found many imitators.
Johann Karl Loth was a German painter of the second half of the 17th century, the Baroque era. He is known as a painter and graphic artist, a representative of Caravaggism.
Loth painted canvases with historical, religious and mythological subjects, as well as portraits. In portrait painting, he brought elements of genre, which was influenced by the Flemish masters. The combination of dynamic brushstrokes, colorful variety and spectacular lighting in the style of the masters of Northern Italy attracted the attention of European collectors and aristocratic clients.
Hans Mielich was a German painter of the late Renaissance, mid-16th century. He is known as a painter, graphic artist, and court painter to Duke Albrecht V of Bavaria.
Mielich painted many religious paintings, portraits, and historical canvases (usually on boards), and he also decorated altars in churches. After a trip to Rome, his style became close to Italian Mannerism. His most famous work is the altarpiece of the Cathedral of Our Lady of Ingolstadt. He was also famous as the author of miniatures for manuscripts, including the Duchess Anna of Bavaria's Treasure Book, made for Duke Albrecht V and his wife Anna of Bavaria in 1555. In the same year, Milich became head of the Munich Artists' Guild.
Augustine of Hippo (Latin: Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis), also known as Saint Augustine, was a theologian and philosopher of Berber origin and the bishop of Hippo Regius in Numidia, Roman North Africa. His writings influenced the development of Western philosophy and Western Christianity, and he is viewed as one of the most important Church Fathers of the Latin Church in the Patristic Period.
Augustine is recognized as a saint in the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Anglican Communion. He is also a preeminent Catholic Doctor of the Church and the patron of the Augustinians.
Georg Emanuel Opiz was a German painter of the first half of the 19th century. He is known as a painter, graphic artist, printmaker and author of historical novels, publishing under the pseudonym Bohemius.
Opiz began his career with portraits, but from 1807 moved on to genre subjects. He became famous for his watercolors and gouaches depicting daily life in Paris during the Napoleonic I era. His series of lithographs "Cossacks in Paris", executed from life in 1814, became very famous. In 1819 he published a series of 24 color prints "Scenes of Characters from Life in Paris". In the 1820s, Opiz created a series of watercolors, presumably inspired by trips to Russia and the Ottoman Empire.
Paracelsus, born Theophrastus von Hohenheim (full name Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim), was a Swiss physician, alchemist, lay theologian, and philosopher of the German Renaissance.
He was a pioneer in several aspects of the "medical revolution" of the Renaissance, emphasizing the value of observation in combination with received wisdom. He is credited as the "father of toxicology". Paracelsus also had a substantial influence as a prophet or diviner, his "Prognostications" being studied by Rosicrucians in the 1600s. Paracelsianism is the early modern medical movement inspired by the study of his works.
Johann Dominicus Quaglio was an Italian-born German painter of the first half of the 19th century. He is known as an architectural painter and graphic artist of the Romantic era, theater artist, lithographer and printmaker.
Quaglio traveled to various countries, which became a source of inspiration for his many works. He depicted medieval churches, castles, ruins and cities in his works. The master was one of the first to use lithography to recreate Gothic structures in graphic form. His works are historical and architectural documents of the time.
Quaglio was court painter to the Bavarian throne and a member of the Munich and Berlin Academies of Arts. He is considered by critics to have brought architectural painting back to a respectable level.
Lorenzo Quaglio was an Italian-born German painter of the first half of the 19th century. He is known as a painter, landscape painter, genre painter and lithographer of the German Biedermeier period, a member of the Quaglio dynasty of artists, brother of the famous architect-artist Domenico Quaglio.
Lorenzo Quaglio worked early in his career as a decorator for the court of the Bavarian Electorate and the national theater in Munich. He traveled frequently in the Bavarian and Tyrolean Alps, which inspired him to create. His works predominantly depicted scenes from the peasantry of Upper Bavaria. He also executed on stone copies of paintings from the Dresden Gallery. In 1812, he created his first lithograph with nature scenes, and from 1820 he studied Bavarian folk costume. Later he worked on the decoration of the Swan Knight Hall in Hohenschwangau Castle.
Peter Paul Rubens was a distinguished Flemish Baroque painter, renowned for his dynamic, vibrant, and sensuous paintings. Born on June 28, 1577, in Siegen, Westphalia, Germany, Rubens' family moved back to Antwerp in the Spanish Netherlands (now Belgium) after his father's death. He was raised in his mother’s Roman Catholic faith and received a classical education. He began his artistic training in 1591 and later traveled to Italy, where he was profoundly influenced by Renaissance masters like Titian, Tintoretto, and Veronese. This experience significantly shaped his artistic style.
Rubens' art is celebrated for its emphasis on movement, color, and sensuality. He was particularly skilled in depicting religious and mythological scenes, portraits, and landscapes. Some of his notable works include "The Descent from the Cross" and "The Raising of the Cross," which are prime examples of Baroque religious art, showcasing his unique style that blended influences from Italian Renaissance and his own innovations.
Rubens was not just a painter but also a diplomat, serving at various European courts. He was knighted by both Philip IV of Spain and Charles I of England. His diplomatic missions often intertwined with his artistic endeavors, as seen during his travels to Spain and Italy. In addition to painting, he was involved in designing tapestries, prints, and book title-pages. He ran a large workshop in Antwerp, producing works that were popular with nobility and art collectors across Europe. His studio was in his home, the Rubenshuis, now a museum.
His influence extended to his students, notably Anthony van Dyck, and his collaborative works with other artists like Jan Brueghel the Elder. Rubens' work continued to be celebrated for its vitality and influence on the Baroque style, making him one of the most influential artists of his time.
For those interested in the work and life of Peter Paul Rubens, many of his works can be found in museums and galleries worldwide, including the National Gallery in London, which houses several of his paintings like "A View of Het Steen in the Early Morning" and "Minerva protects Pax from Mars ('Peace and War')".
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Friedrich Julius Ludwig Sebbers was a German painter of the first half of the nineteenth century. He is known as a portrait painter, porcelain artist and lithographer.
Ludwig Sebbers created portraits on porcelain and canvas, depicting members of ruling dynasties, cultural figures, and scholars. His lithographs for books became popular in 1835-1836. One of the artist's most famous works was a portrait of Johann Wolfgang Goethe for translation onto porcelain. Sebbers' pencil version of Goethe's portrait was later used for commemorative coins issued in Germany in 1932 in honor of the centenary of the poet's death.
Ludovike Simanowiz was a German portrait painter celebrated for her classical style and intimate depictions of her contemporaries. Born into a military family, her artistic talent was nurtured from an early age, despite the challenges women faced in accessing formal artistic education during the late 18th century. Through private lessons with Nicolas Guibal and later studies under Antoine Vestier in Paris, Ludovike Simanowiz honed her skills, enabling her to capture the essence of her subjects with sensitivity and depth. Her journey was marked by resilience; after fleeing Paris due to the revolution, she continued her art while supporting her family through teaching and commissions.
Ludovike Simanowiz's works, primarily portraits, are known for their emotional depth and technical precision, reflecting her experiences and the cultural milieu of her time. Her portraits of Friedrich Schiller and his family, alongside self-portraits and depictions of other notable figures, remain significant contributions to classical portraiture, capturing the intellectual and cultural vibrancy of her era. Despite the personal challenges she faced, including caring for her paralyzed husband, Simanowiz's legacy as a pioneering female artist endures, with many of her works residing in private collections and commemorated in the Municipal Museum of Schorndorf.
Her story is not just one of artistic achievement but also of perseverance in the face of societal constraints, making her an inspiring figure in the history of art. Collectors and art experts continue to value her contributions to the European art scene, recognizing her as a significant figure in late 18th-century art.
For collectors and experts in art and antiques, Ludovike Simanowiz's oeuvre offers a fascinating glimpse into the artistic and cultural history of her time. Her life's work demonstrates the remarkable ability of art to capture the human spirit, making her portraits highly sought after for both their historical significance and artistic merit.
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Julius Thaeter was a German painter of the mid-nineteenth century. He is known as a copperplate engraver and reproductionist.
Julius Thaeter created engravings that became famous for their meticulous execution, moderate shading, and accurate reproduction of original works by artists. Among his major works are "The Battle of the Huns" and "The Pandemonium of Babylon" (reproduction by Kaulbach), "Hrimgild and the Corpse of Siegfried" (Schnorr), "The Soul Carrier Charon" and "Parks" (Karstens), "Feats of Mercy of St. Elizabeth, Queen of the Holy Land" (Kaulbach), "The Works of Mercy of St. John the Baptist" (Kaulbach), "The Battle of the Huns" and "The Battle of Babylon" (Kaulbach). St. Elizabeth, Queen of Hungary" (M. von Schwind), illustrations to psalms (G. König), and reproductions of paintings by Cornelius and Raphael.
Maria Elisabeth Vogel (née Maria Elisabeth Timmermann) was a German painter of the last quarter of the 18th and early 19th centuries. She is known as a portrait painter of the classicist era.
Maria Elisabeth Vogel is most famous for a generational portrait of the poet Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock, which she exhibited in Hamburg after his death in 1803. The painting was acquired by the "Patriotic Society" and is now in the Hamburg History Museum. The artist also created paintings with religious content for churches.
Christian Leberecht Vogel was a German painter of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. He is known as a painter, draughtsman, and art theorist.
Vogel was particularly famous for his skill in creating portraits of children. He also painted portraits commissioned by aristocratic families and taught painting at the Academy of Art in Dresden. His artistic legacy is preserved in the Dresden Art Gallery. Vogel is still appreciated for his humanistic approach to depicting human feelings in his works, which are characterized by expressiveness and sensuality.
His son Carl Christian Vogel von Vogelstein also became court painter of Saxony and received a noble title for his services.
Hans von Aachen was a German painter, renowned for his role as a leading representative of Northern Mannerism. His journey into the art world took him from Rome, where he studied antique sculptures and the works of Italian masters, to Florence and then Venice, securing commissions that would define his early career. Notably, his work caught the attention of the Medici family, leading to significant commissions.
By 1592, von Aachen had become the official painter for Emperor Rudolf II in Prague. This position didn't require him to stay at court, allowing him to work from his residence. His relationship with Rudolf II was pivotal, marking a period where his art flourished under the emperor's patronage, celebrated for mythological paintings and complex allegories. The emperor's appreciation for painting and the arts transformed Prague into a significant art center, fostering a style full of elegance and sensuality known as Mannerism.
Hans von Aachen's style, influenced by Italian Mannerism and northern realism, showcased his versatility through portraits, historical, religious subjects, and allegories. His significant works include the "Allegory of Peace, Art and Abundance," depicting personifications of Peace, Science and the Liberal Arts, and Abundance, celebrated for illustrating the flourishing of these ideals under Rudolf II's reign. This piece, among others, found its home in prestigious collections like the Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg.
His contribution to the art world was acknowledged by the European courts, merchants, and the nobility. Even after Rudolf II's death, Hans von Aachen continued his work for Matthias, focusing on imperial portraits until his death in Prague in 1615. His legacy, momentarily overshadowed by the nationalistic perspectives of the 19th century, has been reevaluated, recognizing him as a key figure in European cultural exchange and Mannerism.
For art collectors and experts interested in Mannerism and Hans von Aachen's work, his journey from an admired artist at European courts to a celebrated figure in art history underscores the lasting impact of his work. His ability to navigate the cultural and artistic demands of his time, leaving behind a body of work that continues to be studied and appreciated, makes him a fascinating subject of study.
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Wilhelm von Kobell was a German painter of the first half of the 19th century. He is known as a landscape painter, animalist and battle painter.
Von Kobell initially produced landscapes and animal paintings, but later focused mainly on battle painting. He visited Vienna and Paris between 1809 and 1810 to study this genre. His battle paintings, based on extensive research, are characterized by striking realism. They are important for the study of military history.
Friedrich Georg Weitsch was a German painter of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. He is known as a painter and printmaker.
Weitsch created landscapes, historical and religious subjects, but a special place in his work was occupied by portraits of aristocrats, as well as ordinary people. His works are in various museums, including the Braunschweig City Museum, the Braunschweig Land Museum, and the Duke Anton Ulrich Museum of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel.
Bartholomäus Zeitblom was a German painter, master of altarpiece painting, and chief master of the Ulm School.
He created a lot of altarpieces and altar paintings. The people depicted by the artist are beautiful and sublime.