Graphic artists Mannerism


Cherubino Alberti, also called Borghegiano, was an Italian engraver and painter. He is most often remembered for the Roman frescoes completed with his brother Giovanni Alberti during the papacy of Clement VIII. He was most prolific as an engraver of copper plates.


Cristofano Allori was an Italian painter of the late Florentine Mannerist school, painting mostly portraits and religious subjects. Allori received his first lessons in painting from his father, Alessandro Allori, but becoming dissatisfied with the hard anatomical drawing and cold coloring of the latter, he entered the studio of Gregorio Pagani. When still young he became a court portraitist for the Medicis, though many of his commissions were replicas of portraits by his predecessor Bronzino, or had participation by others.[citation needed. His pictures are distinguished by their close adherence to nature and the delicacy and technical perfection of their execution. His most famous work, in his own day and now, is Judith with the Head of Holofernes.


Federico Barocci, an Italian Renaissance painter and printmaker, was celebrated for his vibrant use of color and dynamic compositions. Born around 1533 in Urbino, Italy, a hub of Renaissance culture, Barocci's early life was steeped in the rich artistic heritage of the time. His training included an apprenticeship with his father, a sculptor, and later with notable artists such as Battista Franco Veneziano and Taddeo Zuccari.
Federico Barocci's work, known for its emotional intensity and use of light, positioned him as a critical link between the Mannerist style of the 16th century and the emerging Baroque period. His paintings often depicted religious scenes, imbued with a warmth and spirituality that resonated with viewers. His unique approach to color and composition had a significant influence on later artists, including the Baroque masters Peter Paul Rubens and Gian Lorenzo Bernini.
Despite suffering from chronic illness, possibly due to poisoning, Federico Barocci's output remained prolific and influential. His works can be found in several prestigious galleries, including the Uffizi in Florence, where his "Madonna del Popolo" and "Martyrdom of Saint Vitale" are displayed. These pieces, along with others like "The Deposition" in the Cathedral of Perugia and "Noli me Tangere" in Munich, showcase his mastery in portraying human emotion and divine radiance.
Collectors and experts in art and antiques will appreciate the depth and innovation of Federico Barocci's work. His legacy as a master colorist and draughtsman is undeniable, making his pieces a valuable addition to any collection.
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Bernardo Castello (or Castelli) was an Italian painter of the late-Mannerist style, active mainly in Genoa and Liguria. He is mainly known as a portrait and historical painter. He was apprenticed under Andrea Semino and Luca Cambiaso, then travelled throughout Italy, meeting other painters and creating his own particular style. During his career he painted many works and was appreciated by famous poets with whom he had friendships. Beside working in Genoa, Castello was employed in Rome and worked also for the Duke of Savoy, Charles Emmanuel I.


Bartolomeo Cesi was an Italian painter and draftsman of the Bolognese School. He made easel paintings as well as frescoes. He is known mainly for his religious paintings but he also painted portraits and mythological scenes.


Jean Duvet was a French Renaissance goldsmith and engraver, now best known for his engravings. He was the first significant French printmaker. He produced about seventy-three known plates, that convey a highly personal style, often compared to that of William Blake, with very crowded compositions, a certain naive quality, and intense religious feeling. According to Henri Zerner, his work has a "freedom and immediacy that have no equivalent in Renaissance printmaking".


Philips Galle was a Dutch publisher, best known for publishing old master prints, which he also produced as designer and engraver. He is especially known for his reproductive engravings of paintings.
As a resident of Antwerp, Galle witnessed numerous events of the Eighty Years War, notably the siege and looting of the town in 1576 by the Spaniards, called "The Spanish Fury". This rather personal book, which was translated in several languages soon after its first publication, shows Galle as a peace-loving person who intended to stay far away from the political and military turmoil of his era.


Hendrick Goltzius was a German-born Dutch printmaker, draftsman, and painter. He was the leading Dutch engraver of the early Baroque period, or Northern Mannerism, lauded for his sophisticated technique, technical mastership and "exuberance" of his compositions. According to A. Hyatt Mayor, Goltzius "was the last professional engraver who drew with the authority of a good painter and the last who invented many pictures for others to copy". In the middle of his life he also began to produce paintings.


Hans Mielich was a German painter of the late Renaissance, mid-16th century. He is known as a painter, graphic artist, and court painter to Duke Albrecht V of Bavaria.
Mielich painted many religious paintings, portraits, and historical canvases (usually on boards), and he also decorated altars in churches. After a trip to Rome, his style became close to Italian Mannerism. His most famous work is the altarpiece of the Cathedral of Our Lady of Ingolstadt. He was also famous as the author of miniatures for manuscripts, including the Duchess Anna of Bavaria's Treasure Book, made for Duke Albrecht V and his wife Anna of Bavaria in 1555. In the same year, Milich became head of the Munich Artists' Guild.


Francisco Pacheco del Río, baptized on November 3, 1564, and passing away on November 27, 1644, was a distinguished Spanish painter. Renowned for his dual role as Diego Velázquez's teacher and father-in-law, Pacheco's influence extends beyond his familial ties, contributing significantly to the arts through his seminal textbook, "Art of Painting." This work remains a crucial resource for understanding 17th-century artistic practices in Spain. Often referred to as the "Vasari of Seville," Pacheco's insights into painting theories and reflections on his contemporaries have left an indelible mark on the history of art, despite criticisms of his conventional execution in painting.
Pacheco's early life was marked by an immersive education in art, learning from Luis Fernandez and drawing inspiration from Italian masters. His journey included a pivotal sojourn to Madrid and Toledo in 1611 to study the works of El Greco, which further enriched his artistic repertoire. Upon his return to Seville, Pacheco opened an art school, laying the groundwork for his future contributions to art education and theory.
His career was notably characterized by his position as the official censor for Seville's Inquisition, which influenced his academic approach to religious subjects. Despite this, his paintings, such as the Last Judgment and Martyrs of Granada, are celebrated for their monumental scale. Pacheco's most enduring legacy, however, may be his influence on Diego Velázquez, whom he mentored for six years. Velázquez's marriage to Pacheco's daughter Juana in 1618 further solidified their personal and professional bonds. Pacheco's "Arte de la pintura" not only provided invaluable biographical information on Spanish painters of his era but also laid down foundational theories on iconography, materials, and technique.
For those interested in exploring Francisco Pacheco del Río's works further, notable pieces can be found in prestigious collections, such as the Museo Nacional del Prado, enriching our understanding of his impact on the art world.
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Iacopo Negretti, best known as Jacopo or Giacomo Palma il Giovane or simply Palma Giovane ("Young Palma"), was an Italian painter from Venice and a notable exponent of the Venetian school. After Tintoretto's death (1594), Palma became Venice's dominant artist perpetuating his style. Outside Venice, he received numerous commissions in the area of Bergamo, then part of the Venetian Domini di Terraferma, and in Central Europe, most prominently from the connoisseur emperor Rudolph II in Prague. Rejecting Mannerism in the 1580s, he embraced a reformist naturalism.[6] He varied the ingeniously synthesised amalgam according to subject matter and patrons' own eclectic and conservative tastes, with "virtuoso skill and a facile intelligence". Palma il Giovane went on to organize his own, large studio which he used to produce a repetitive series of religious and allegorical pictures that can be found throughout the territory of the Venetian Republic.


Giulio Cesare Procaccini was an illustrious Italian painter and sculptor of the Baroque period, celebrated for his dynamic and expressive works. Born in Bologna and later moving to Milan, Procaccini's artistry was deeply influenced by the emotional intensity of Mannerism and the vibrant colorism of Venetian painting, signaling the dawn of the Baroque era.
Procaccini's oeuvre includes significant altarpieces such as the "Circumcision" now in the Galleria Estense in Modena, and the "Last Supper" for the Basilica della Santissima Annunziata del Vastato in Genoa. His collaboration with artists like Giovanni Battista Crespi and Pier Francesco Mazzucchelli under the patronage of Cardinal Federico Borromeo highlighted his pivotal role in the Milanese art scene. Moreover, Procaccini's "Ecce Homo" at the Dallas Museum of Art and "The Agony in the Garden" at the Prado Museum in Madrid exemplify his mastery in depicting religious narratives with profound emotion and technical sophistication.
Procaccini's journey through the art world was marked by his initial work as a sculptor, later transitioning to painting, where he left a lasting legacy. Commissioned to paint scenes commemorating the life of Cardinal Carlo Borromeo in Milan Cathedral, his style evolved to exhibit increased clarity and a brighter palette, indicative of his maturation as an artist. His exposure to the works of Rubens and his travels across Italy allowed him to absorb and reinterpret the stylistic elements of Caravaggio, Correggio, and Parmigianino, enriching his own artistic language.
Though not represented in London's National Gallery, Procaccini's paintings grace collections across Europe and beyond, with notable works in the north of England, including "The Mocking of Christ" at Museums Sheffield and "The Raising of the Cross" at the National Galleries of Scotland. These pieces demonstrate his skillful use of color and ability to convey the physical and emotional weight of biblical stories.
For collectors and experts in art and antiques, Giulio Cesare Procaccini represents a fascinating study in the transition from Mannerism to Baroque, embodying the emotional depth and innovative spirit of early 17th-century Italian art. His contributions to the Baroque period remain a testament to his versatility and enduring appeal.
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Raffaello Santi was an Italian artist, famously known for his contributions to the world of culture and art. Born in Urbino, Italy, in 1483, Raffaello Santi, commonly known as Raphael, was a renowned painter and architect during the Italian Renaissance. His exceptional talents in the realms of painting and sculpture have left an indelible mark on the art world, earning him a place among the greatest artists of all time.
Raphael's works are celebrated for their exquisite detail, harmonious compositions, and the graceful beauty of his subjects. He is best known for his remarkable frescoes in the Vatican Palace, including the famous "School of Athens," which exemplifies his mastery in blending classical antiquity with contemporary artistic sensibilities. His ability to capture the human form with unparalleled accuracy and sensitivity has earned him a reputation as a true virtuoso.
Among his other notable works are "The Sistine Madonna" and "The Transfiguration," both of which showcase his exceptional skills in portraying religious subjects with a captivating emotional depth. These paintings, along with many others, are now cherished treasures in museums and galleries worldwide, drawing art enthusiasts and experts alike to admire Raphael's timeless creations.
For collectors and art connoisseurs, Raphael's works are highly sought after, not only for their historical significance but also for their aesthetic appeal. His pieces continue to command great value in the art market, making them a valuable addition to any art collection.
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Andrea Semini was an Italian painter of the late-Renaissance, active mainly in his native Genoa. He was a son and pupil of the painter Antonio Semini. After studying some time under his father, together with his brother Ottavio he went to Rome, and they realized some work in collaboration (frescoes in the Palazzo Marino in Milan). He is well known for his frescoes in several palaces in Genoa, painting for churches and portraits.


Pieter van der Borcht the Elder was a Flemish Renaissance painter, draughtsman and etcher. He is regarded as one of the most gifted botanical painters of the 16th century. Pieter van der Borcht the Elder also introduced new themes such as the 'monkey scene' (also called 'singerie') into Northern art.


Giuseppe Niccolò Vicentino, called Rospigliosi, was an Italian painter and wood-engraver of the Renaissance. His method was chiaroscuro. He used three blocks, and did much to develop the process. Among other cuts by him are: A Sibyl reading a Book; Hercules killing the Nemaean Lion after Raphael; Death of Ajax after Polidoro da Caravaggio; Venue embracing Cupid; and Glelia escaping from Porsenna's camp.


Hans von Aachen was a German painter, renowned for his role as a leading representative of Northern Mannerism. His journey into the art world took him from Rome, where he studied antique sculptures and the works of Italian masters, to Florence and then Venice, securing commissions that would define his early career. Notably, his work caught the attention of the Medici family, leading to significant commissions.
By 1592, von Aachen had become the official painter for Emperor Rudolf II in Prague. This position didn't require him to stay at court, allowing him to work from his residence. His relationship with Rudolf II was pivotal, marking a period where his art flourished under the emperor's patronage, celebrated for mythological paintings and complex allegories. The emperor's appreciation for painting and the arts transformed Prague into a significant art center, fostering a style full of elegance and sensuality known as Mannerism.
Hans von Aachen's style, influenced by Italian Mannerism and northern realism, showcased his versatility through portraits, historical, religious subjects, and allegories. His significant works include the "Allegory of Peace, Art and Abundance," depicting personifications of Peace, Science and the Liberal Arts, and Abundance, celebrated for illustrating the flourishing of these ideals under Rudolf II's reign. This piece, among others, found its home in prestigious collections like the Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg.
His contribution to the art world was acknowledged by the European courts, merchants, and the nobility. Even after Rudolf II's death, Hans von Aachen continued his work for Matthias, focusing on imperial portraits until his death in Prague in 1615. His legacy, momentarily overshadowed by the nationalistic perspectives of the 19th century, has been reevaluated, recognizing him as a key figure in European cultural exchange and Mannerism.
For art collectors and experts interested in Mannerism and Hans von Aachen's work, his journey from an admired artist at European courts to a celebrated figure in art history underscores the lasting impact of his work. His ability to navigate the cultural and artistic demands of his time, leaving behind a body of work that continues to be studied and appreciated, makes him a fascinating subject of study.
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