Symbolism Les Vingt
Henry Jules Charles Corneille de Groux was a Belgian Symbolist painter, sculptor and lithographer. His 1889 painting Christ attacked by a mob made when he was only 22 years old established his reputation as an innovative Symbolist painter and ensured his admission to the progressive artistic circles in Brussels. He spent most of his active career in Paris. He produced many works depicting the horrors of the First World War in the latter part of his career.
Fernand Khnopff, full name Fernand-Edmond-Jean-Marie Khnopff, was a Belgian Symbolist painter, graphic artist, sculptor and art historian.
Born into a wealthy family, Fernand attended the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Brussels, where he studied painting with Xavier Mellerie. Throughout his years at the academy, Khnopff spent summers in Paris studying art, and at the 1878 World's Fair he saw the works of Pre-Raphaelite Edward Burne-Jones and Symbolist Gustave Moreau, which had a decisive influence on his work.
In the early 1880s Khnopff began to exhibit his Symbolist works, often inspired by literary works, particularly by Gustave Flaubert. His paintings combined precise realism with an ethereal fairy-tale atmosphere, and he also painted portraits.
In 1883 Khnopff co-founded Les Vingt, a group of Belgian avant-garde artists. From the early 1990s, he collaborated regularly with the Brussels opera house Royal de la Monnaie, designing costumes and sets for many productions. He also designed the interiors of Brussels' landmark buildings: the Maison Stoclet and the Hôtel de Ville in Saint-Gilles.
Odilon Redon was a prominent French artist, renowned for his unique contributions to the Symbolist movement. His artistic journey began with a focus on charcoal and lithography, creating works known as "noirs" that reflected a deep, dream-like quality. Redon's art evolved to incorporate vibrant colors and themes, often inspired by Buddhist and Hindu cultures. Notably, his paintings such as "The Death of Buddha" and "The Buddha," alongside others, displayed his fascination with Eastern philosophies and their integration into his art.
Redon's works are celebrated for their evocative, almost mystical qualities, blending elements of the natural world with fantastical, often surreal imagery. His attention to detail in portraying flowers, plants, and imaginary creatures reflected his interest in natural sciences and botany. This interplay between the real and the imagined is a hallmark of his work, making him a pivotal figure in the Symbolist movement.
His influence is evident in various collections and museums. For instance, the Musée d'Orsay in Paris houses some of his most significant works, including his decorative panels for the Château de Domecy-sur-le-Vault. These panels marked a transition in his style from ornamental to more abstract painting. Additionally, the Getty Museum in California and the Los Angeles County Museum of Art hold significant collections of Redon's works.
For art collectors and enthusiasts, Odilon Redon's work represents a blend of imagination, deep emotional resonance, and a unique interpretation of Symbolist ideas. His ability to capture the unseen and give it form on canvas or paper makes his work a valuable addition to any collection.
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Johannes Theodorus Toorop was the foremost representative of symbolism in Dutch painting. He studied painting at the National Academy of Fine Arts in Amsterdam and at the Academy of Fine Arts in Brussels.
Jan Theodor Torop studied the works of the Pre-Raphaelites, which left a deep impression on him. In the late 1880s, Thorop painted in the style of pointillism and became the first Dutch painter to use this technique.
In Belgium the artist was heavily influenced by the work of James Ensor and Torop gradually moved towards Symbolism and Art Nouveau. Graphics and illustrations also featured prominently in his work.