
Remastered: Old Masters from the Collection of J.E. Safra

Adriaen van de Velde was a Dutch painter, draughtsman and print artist. His favorite subjects were landscapes with animals and genre scenes. He also painted beaches, dunes, forests, winter scenes, portraits in landscapes, as well as mythological and biblical scenes. He belongs to a group of painters referred to as the Dutch Italianate painters, who combined Dutch agricultural landscapes with mythological or Arcadian scenes in Italian settings. His paintings are characterised by their delicate, careful composition and his mastery of lighting effects as well as the human figure.

Bartholomeus Breenbergh was a Dutch Golden Age painter of Italian and Italianate landscapes, in Rome (1619-1630) and Amsterdam (1630-1657).

Pieter de Hooch was a Dutch Golden Age painter famous for his genre works of quiet domestic scenes with an open doorway. He was a contemporary of Jan Vermeer in the Delft Guild of St. Luke, with whom his work shares themes and style.

Karel Dujardin was a Dutch painter and printmaker of the Golden Age of Dutch painting.
He studied with Klaas Berchem and Paulus Potter, traveled to Italy, and lived in Lyon. In 1656 he participated in the founding of the Pictura Society in The Hague.
Dujardin painted mostly Italian landscapes, genre scenes, including scenes from rural life, portraits of elegant people and historical paintings.
Many of Dujardin's works are in the Louvre, the Hermitage (St. Petersburg), as well as in Amsterdam, The Hague, Kassel, and Berlin.

Philips Wouwerman was a distinguished Dutch painter. Renowned for his equestrian scenes, landscapes, and battle depictions, Wouwerman's work embodies the richness of the Dutch Golden Age of painting. He initially trained under his father, Paulus Wouwerman, and possibly with the celebrated artist Frans Hals, showcasing a deep engagement with the artistic milieu of Haarlem.
Wouwerman's career is marked by a prolific output, with about 570 of his works confidently attributed to him today. His oeuvre was once thought to include up to 1200 pieces, a testament to his influence and the extensive body of followers and imitators he inspired across Europe. His brothers, Jan and Pieter Wouwerman, were also painters who are sometimes confused with Philips due to their stylistic similarities.
Philips Wouwerman's paintings are celebrated for their dynamic composition and intricate detail, particularly his treatment of horses which has been a subject of admiration across centuries. His landscapes often feature Italianate settings, despite no concrete evidence suggesting he ever visited Italy. His style was notably influenced by Pieter van Laer, another Haarlem artist with a significant Italian experience, from whom Wouwerman might have acquired sketches and studies.
For art collectors and experts, Wouwerman's work provides a fascinating glimpse into 17th-century Dutch culture, offering scenes filled with vibrancy and life that capture the viewer's imagination. His paintings can be found in prestigious museums worldwide, including the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, The National Gallery in London, and the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna, showcasing his widespread acclaim and the enduring legacy of his art.
For those interested in exploring the captivating world of Philips Wouwerman and staying informed about new discoveries, sales, and auction events related to his work, signing up for updates is highly recommended. This ensures access to the latest information and opportunities related to one of the Dutch Golden Age's most versatile and prolific artists.

Philips Koninck was a Dutch landscape painter and younger brother of Jacob Koninck.
He painted chiefly broad, sunny landscapes, full of space, light and atmosphere; they are seen from a high perspective, allowing a prominent view of the sky. Portraits by him, somewhat in the manner of Rembrandt, also exist; there are examples of these in the galleries at Copenhagen and Oslo.

Aert de Gelder was a Dutch painter. He was the only Dutch artist to paint in the tradition of Rembrandt's late style into the 18th century.
As author of biblical scenes and portraits his style was inspired by Rembrandt's, using his artistic ideas, well into the 18th century, without being influenced by contemporary new fashions. From the artistic point of view his work can not be considered as passive imitation of the master; indeed, it stands for inventiveness in the narrative, taste for the theatrical and a strong emotional charge of the characters. All these traits made him one of the most important interpreters of Dutch painting of the late seventeenth century.

Georg Flegel was a German painter, best known for his still-life works.
According to the RKD he was pupil of Lucas van Valckenborch in Linz during 1582-1592. In a period of about 30 years (c. 1600–1630), he produced 110 watercolor and oil pictures, mostly still-life images which often depicted tables set for meals and covered with food, flowers and the occasional animal.

Joos van Cleve, also known by his real name Joos van der Beke, was a prominent Netherlandish painter, active mainly in Antwerp from about 1511 until his death in 1540 or 1541. His work predominantly centered around religious subjects and portraits, including notable commissions for the French King Francis I during his time at the French court. His artistic oeuvre reflects a blend of traditional Netherlandish painting techniques with contemporary Renaissance styles, showcasing his direct knowledge of local art combined with an awareness of Italian developments.
Van Cleve's work was characterized by its elaborate detail, particularly in his altarpieces which often incorporated portraits and landscapes, demonstrating his refined painting style. His success in Antwerp was significant, and he was also recognized at the French court, indicating his high regard as a portrait artist. Notably, Van Cleve had the opportunity to paint members of the royal court, including King Francis I and Queen Eleanor of Austria, underscoring his skills in portraiture.
His paintings are recognized for their sensitivity to color and a unique solidity of figures, with some works showcasing the popular style of Antwerp Mannerism. Van Cleve was an innovator in introducing broad world landscapes in the backgrounds of his paintings, a technique that became popular in sixteenth-century northern Renaissance paintings. Despite his contributions to the Renaissance art movement, Van Cleve also produced works that were highly eclectic, drawing on the styles of earlier Netherlandish masters as well as Italian influences, particularly in his use of sfumato, evident in his Virgin and Child compositions.
For art collectors and experts, Joos van Cleve's legacy offers a rich exploration into the transition from medieval to Renaissance art in Northern Europe. His body of work, found in prestigious collections such as the National Gallery in Prague, the Louvre, and the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, remains a testament to his versatility and skill as a painter of both religious narratives and royal portraits.
To delve deeper into the fascinating world of Joos van Cleve and to stay informed about exhibitions or sales featuring his work, consider signing up for updates from art institutions and auction houses. This subscription will ensure you remain at the forefront of developments and opportunities related to this influential artist's oeuvre, enhancing your collection and understanding of Renaissance art.

Paul Bril was a prominent Flemish painter, best known for his significant contributions to landscape painting. Born around 1554 in Antwerp, he later moved to Rome, where he became a central figure in the art scene, influencing the Italian and Northern European landscape painting traditions.
Paul Bril's early works were steeped in the Flemish manner, exhibiting a picturesque arrangement of landscape elements with dramatic contrasts of light and dark. His style evolved during his stay in Rome, influenced by the work of Annibale Carracci and Adam Elsheimer. By around 1605, Bril's compositions became more serene and classical, showcasing calmer transitions from foreground to background and embracing pastoral and mythological themes.
Paul Bril's contributions extended beyond his paintings. He was a respected figure in Rome's art community, becoming the first foreign director of the Accademia di San Luca in 1621. His patrons included some of the most influential families in Rome, and his work was sought after by collectors and fellow artists. Bril's influence was profound, impacting future generations of artists, including the Dutch Italianates and genre painters active in Rome.
His works can be found in prestigious galleries worldwide, illustrating his enduring legacy in the art world. For collectors and art and antiques experts, Paul Bril's work represents a significant period in the evolution of landscape painting, blending Flemish traditions with Italian classicism.
For those interested in exploring the captivating landscapes and historical significance of Paul Bril's art, staying informed about new product sales and auction events is essential. Signing up for updates can provide valuable insights and opportunities to acquire pieces associated with this influential artist.

David Teniers the Younger was a Flemish Baroque painter, printmaker, draughtsman, miniaturist painter, staffage painter, copyist and art curator. He was an extremely versatile artist known for his prolific output. He was an innovator in a wide range of genres such as history painting, genre painting, landscape painting, portrait and still life. He is now best remembered as the leading Flemish genre painter of his day. Teniers is particularly known for developing the peasant genre, the tavern scene, pictures of collections and scenes with alchemists and physicians.
He was court painter and the curator of the collection of Archduke Leopold Wilhelm, the art-loving Governor General of the Habsburg Netherlands. He created a printed catalogue of the collections of the Archduke. He was the founder of the Antwerp Academy, where young artists were trained to draw and sculpt in the hope of reviving Flemish art after its decline following the death of the leading Flemish artists Rubens and Anthony van Dyck in the early 1640s. He influenced the next generation of Northern genre painters as well as French Rococo painters such as Antoine Watteau.

Jan van Hemessen was a leading Flemish Renaissance painter, belonging to the group of Italianizing Flemish painters called the Romanists, who were influenced by Italian Renaissance painting. Van Hemessen had visited Italy during the 1520s, and also Fontainebleau near Paris in the mid 1530s, where he was able to view the work of the colony of Italian artists known as the First School of Fontainebleau, who were working on the decorations for the Palace of Fontainebleau. Van Hemessen's works show his ability to interpret the Italian models into a new Flemish visual vocabulary.

Otto van Veen was a painter, draughtsman, and humanist active primarily in Antwerp and Brussels in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. He is known for running a large studio in Antwerp, producing several emblem books, and for being, from 1594 or 1595 until 1598, Peter Paul Rubens' teacher. His role as a classically educated humanist artist (a pictor doctus), reflected in the Latin name by which he is often known, Octavius Vaenius, was influential on the young Rubens, who would take on that role himself.

Jan Jansz Wijnants was a Dutch Golden Age painter.
Wijnants is primarily known for his Italianate landscapes and paintings featuring topography. The painters Nicolaes de Vree and Adriaen van de Velde trained in his studio and his style later had influence on the English artist, Thomas Gainsborough, the German artist Wilhelm von Kobell, and the Dutch artists Anthonie van Borssom and Willem Buytewech.

Gerard de Lairesse was a Dutch painter, printmaker, and art theorist. Known for his classical approach, de Lairesse's work marked a departure from the Baroque style prevalent in the Dutch Golden Age, leaning instead towards the neoclassicism that would dominate European art in the 18th century. His art and theories were deeply influenced by the ideals of beauty, grace, and moral edification, advocating for the selection of the most perfect manifestations of natural phenomena rather than their random imitation.
De Lairesse was not only a prolific painter but also an influential art theorist. His treatises, "Grondlegginge ter teekenkonst" (1701) and "Het groot schilderboeck" (1707), were seminal works that laid down principles of art and aesthetics that influenced not just his contemporaries but also generations of artists to come. He emphasized the importance of adhering to theoretical knowledge and the study of nature, albeit through a lens that filtered out its imperfections, to achieve ideal beauty in art.
Despite facing personal challenges, including a congenital condition that led to the loss of his sight in his later years, de Lairesse remained a central figure in the artistic and intellectual circles of Amsterdam. His lectures, delivered from his home, attracted a wide array of students and enthusiasts, eager to learn from his extensive knowledge and experience.
Today, works by Gerard de Lairesse can be found in prestigious institutions worldwide, including the Rijksmuseum and the Amsterdam Museum in the Netherlands, the Louvre in Paris, the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, and the National Gallery in London, among others. His legacy as the 'Dutch Poussin' speaks to his enduring influence on the evolution of European art, bridging the gap between the Baroque and the Neoclassical.
For collectors and experts in art and antiques, Gerard de Lairesse represents an intriguing study in the transition of art styles from the Baroque to Neoclassicism. His dedication to the theory and practice of art makes his work a valuable addition to any collection.
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Hendrick Jansz ter Brugghen was a Dutch painter of genre scenes and religious subjects. He was one of the Dutch followers of Caravaggio – the so-called Utrecht Caravaggisti. Along with Gerrit van Hondhorst and Dirck van Baburen, Ter Brugghen was one of the most important Dutch painters to have been influenced by Caravaggio.
Ter Brugghen's favourite subjects were half-length figures of drinkers or musicians, but he also produced larger-scale religious images and group portraits. He carried with him Caravaggio's influence, and his paintings have a strong dramatic use of light and shadow, as well as emotionally charged subjects. His treatment of religious subjects can be seen reflected in the work of Rembrandt, and elements of his style can also be found in the paintings of Frans Hals and Johannes Vermeer. Peter Paul Rubens described ter Brugghen's work as "...above that of all the other Utrecht artists".

Angelo Caroselli was an Italian painter, born and active during the Baroque period, primarily in Rome. Known for his eclectic style, Caroselli's work was significantly influenced by Caravaggio, evident in the naturalism and chiaroscuro that marked his compositions. His subject matter often included colorful characters from contemporary Rome, scenes of witchcraft, musicians, and genre scenes reflective of the Caravaggisti, a group of artists who followed Caravaggio's stylistic approach. Caroselli's ability to blend allegories, religious works, and portraits with genre scenes showcased his search for originality and a unique narrative voice within the Baroque movement.
Angelo Caroselli's career was marked by his versatility as not only a painter but also an art restorer, copyist, and possibly a forger. This breadth of skills contributed to the diverse body of work he left behind, which ranged from scenes of everyday life to complex allegorical compositions. His works often depicted the lower echelons of society, including musicians, card players, and prostitutes, infused with a potent naturalism that brought these figures to life against the backdrop of 17th-century Rome.
Despite his adherence to Caravaggesque forms and themes, Angelo Caroselli's work also displayed 'archaicising' elements, which some art historians view as a conscious departure from the dominant Baroque style of his time. This aspect of his work, along with his skill in copying the works of ancient masters, highlights a deliberate exploration of and departure from the prevailing artistic norms, contributing to the unique place he occupies in Baroque art history.
Notably, Caroselli's influence extended beyond Italy, affecting the work of other Caravaggisti, including the Lucchese painter Pietro Paolini and the Dutch painter Dirck van Baburen. This cross-cultural impact underscores the broader significance of Caroselli's work within the Baroque period and its enduring influence on subsequent generations of artists.
His legacy includes several known works that are housed in prestigious institutions and collections worldwide, exemplifying the enduring appeal and historical importance of his artistic contributions. Among these, "The Plague at Ashdod (after Poussin)" stands out as a significant piece, reflecting his capability to engage with and reinterpret the works of his contemporaries and predecessors.
For collectors and experts in art and antiques, Caroselli's oeuvre offers a fascinating glimpse into the Baroque period's complexity, characterized by a blend of innovation, tradition, and a deep engagement with the human condition. His work remains a testament to the vibrancy and dynamism of 17th-century Italian art, inviting ongoing exploration and appreciation.
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Pietro Paolini, called il Lucchese was an Italian painter of the Baroque period. Working in Rome, Venice and finally his native Lucca, he was a follower of Caravaggio to whose work he responded in a very personal manner. He founded an Academy in his hometown, which formed the next generation of painters of Lucca. Paolini painted religious and mythological compositions during his early days. These religious compositions form only a small part of his oeuvre. Paolini created a number of portraits, often with an allegorical meaning and depicting persons engaged in a certain profession or activity.

Artemisia Gentileschi was a pioneering Italian painter of the Baroque era, celebrated for her vivid portrayals of dramatic scenes and strong female figures drawn from mythology, allegory, and the Bible. Born in Rome in 1593, Gentileschi broke through the gender barriers of her time to become one of the first women to achieve fame as an artist. Her early exposure to painting came through her father, Orazio Gentileschi, a follower of Caravaggio, whose influence is evident in Artemisia's use of chiaroscuro and realistic, emotional expression.
Gentileschi's artistry is particularly noted for its naturalism and the dynamic use of color, which she employed to convey depth and drama. Among her most renowned works are "Susanna and the Elders" (1610), showcasing her skill in portraying the vulnerability and dignity of its subject, and "Judith Slaying Holofernes" (c. 1614–1620), a vivid depiction of strength and determination, housed in the Uffizi Gallery. These works, along with others like "Judith and Her Maidservant" (1625) in the Detroit Institute of Arts, highlight her unique ability to present female subjects not just as objects of beauty, but as agents of power and action.
The complexity of Gentileschi's life, including her survival of rape by Agostino Tassi and the subsequent trial, has often overshadowed her artistic achievements. However, modern scholarship and exhibitions, such as those at the National Gallery in London, have reevaluated her contributions, positioning her as a significant figure in art history for both her mastery of Baroque painting techniques and her role in challenging the era's gender norms.
For art collectors and experts, Gentileschi's works are emblematic of the Baroque spirit and a testament to the resilience and talent of women artists in a male-dominated field. Her paintings are not only valuable for their aesthetic and historical significance but also for their inspirational narrative of overcoming personal and societal challenges.
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Pietro Negri was an Italian painter who belonged to the Baroque "tenebrosi" movement.
Many of Negri's paintings have a somber character and convey a general mood of drama, which is emphasized by contrasting effects of light and shadow. This style is characteristic of Caravaggio and his followers. Negri painted allegories in the style of vanitas, scenes on mythological and religious themes, as well as domestic genre scenes.

Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione or Il Grechetto was an Italian Baroque painter, draftsman and printmaker.
He is one of the prominent representatives of the Genoese school, working at various times in Genoa, Venice and Rome. Castiglione is believed to be the author of monotype, a type of graphic art and a technique of printmaking that is not engraving.
Castiglione was a versatile and prolific painter, while working in a wide variety of styles that he studied carefully. His paintings pay tribute to Rubens, Van Dyck and Bernardo Strozzi, who worked in Genoa, and his etchings pay tribute to Rembrandt. Castiglione painted expressive portraits, historical and religious works and landscapes, and excelled in rural scenes with animals.

Antonio Balestra, an Italian painter, is celebrated for his contributions to the Baroque art movement. Initially training in his hometown, Balestra's artistic journey took him to Venice and Rome, where he honed his skills and absorbed diverse artistic influences. By 1694, his talents were recognized with a prestigious award from the Accademia di San Luca in Rome, underscoring his growing reputation.
Antonio Balestra's works, characterized by their adherence to classical artistic standards, are found in various Italian cities, including Venice, Bologna, and Verona. He was known for his religious paintings, such as "The Miracle of Saint Nicholas" and "The Annunciation," as well as his contributions to church decorations and altarpieces.
Despite his traditional approach, Antonio Balestra's legacy is cemented in the art world, with works displayed in notable museums and his influence extending to pupils and subsequent generations of artists. His devotion to the established norms of academic painting reflected a broader dialogue within the art community about innovation versus tradition during his time.
For art collectors and enthusiasts, Antonio Balestra's works offer a glimpse into the Baroque era's rich artistic heritage, showcasing a blend of devout religiosity and meticulous craftsmanship. To stay informed about Antonio Balestra's art and related auction events, consider subscribing to updates, ensuring you remain connected to the enduring appeal of his artistic legacy.

Paolo de Matteis was a distinguished Baroque painter known for his dynamic and expressive artworks. Matteis' training began with Francesco di Maria in Naples, followed by further guidance under the prominent painter Luca Giordano. His works are known for their vibrant compositions and dramatic flair, typical of the Baroque style prevalent during his time.
Paolo de Matteis' career was marked by significant contributions to the art world, including decorative schemes for Neapolitan churches like the vault of the chapel of San Ignatius in the church of Gesù Nuovo in Naples. His Assumption of the Virgin for the Abbey at Monte Cassino is another testament to his skill. Between 1723 and 1725, he spent time in Rome, receiving commissions from Pope Innocent XIII, further solidifying his reputation as a master painter.
Paolo de Matteis' influence extended beyond Italy. From 1702 to 1705, he worked in Paris, Calabria, and Genoa, showcasing his artistry to a broader European audience. In Genoa, one of his notable works was an Immaculate Conception with St. Jerome Appearing to St. Sevrio. His time in Paris was particularly significant, as it allowed him to infuse his Italian Baroque style with broader European influences.
Paolo de Matteis was not only a masterful painter but also a teacher. He nurtured the talents of several pupils, including Filippo Falciatore, Francesco Peresi, and members of the Sarnelli family. His legacy is carried forward through these artists, who were deeply influenced by his style and techniques.
For collectors and experts in art and antiques, Paolo de Matteis' works offer a captivating glimpse into the Baroque era, characterized by expressive brushwork, vivid color palettes, and dynamic compositions. His paintings remain a valuable part of the rich tapestry of Italian Baroque art.
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Marcantonio Franceschini was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active mostly in his native Bologna. He was the father and teacher of Giacomo Franceschini.
His paintings have an academic and idealist strain, even for a member of the Bolognese School of Painting. The sparse figures are severely arranged and often porcelain in features. He worked with a younger colleague, Donato Creti. His style is often classified as Barochetto, a mixture of baroque and rococo; but it also could be said the neoclassical influence of French artists was beginning to overtake the baroque tradition. Wittkower describes him as the "Bolognese Maratta"

Francesco Fontebasso was an Italian painter of the late-Baroque or Rococo period of Venice. He first apprenticed with Sebastiano Ricci, but was strongly influenced by his contemporary, Giovanni Battista Tiepolo.

Gaspare Traversi was an Italian Rococo painter best known for his genre works. Active mostly in his native city of Naples, he also painted throughout Italy, including a stay in Parma.
Traversi can be described as a Neapolitan Hogarth, Steen or Longhi, working in a Caravaggist style. Traversi's satirical paintings typically depict animated groups of bourgeois protagonists that seem compressed physically into an indoor pictorial space that can barely contain them. Even his religious canvases have foreshortened crowding. Facial expressions are lively and varied; some of the characters, often children, stare at the viewer. Women are often situated in either a foolish or ironic situation, or engage in a pulchritudinous talent, while men leer or participate with other intentions in mind.

Gerard van Honthorst (Dutch: Gerrit van Honthorst) was a Dutch Golden Age painter who became known for his depiction of artificially lit scenes, eventually receiving the nickname Gherardo delle Notti ("Gerard of the Nights"). Early in his career he visited Rome, where he had great success painting in a style influenced by Caravaggio. Following his return to the Netherlands he became a leading portrait painter.

Matthias Withoos, also known as Calzetta Bianca and Calzetti, was a Dutch painter of still lifes and city scenes, best known for the details of insects, reptiles and undergrowth in the foreground of his pictures.

Jan Dirksz Both was a distinguished Dutch painter, draughtsman, and etcher renowned for his pivotal role in the evolution of Dutch Italianate landscape painting. His journey into the arts began in Utrecht, learning from his father before becoming a pupil of Abraham Bloemaert. Both's career took a significant turn when he, alongside his brother Andries, ventured to Rome, absorbing the influence of Claude Lorrain and contributing to projects such as the Buen Retiro Palace in Madrid.
By the mid-1640s, Jan had returned to Utrecht, further honing his craft to produce expansive landscapes illuminated by a Mediterranean glow, notable for their mixture of realism in the foreground against idyllic backgrounds. Noteworthy pieces include "Landscape with Bandits Leading Prisoners" and "Judgement of Paris," showcasing his mastery in blending naturalistic details with mythological and religious figures. His landscapes, characterized by their golden light and imaginative vistas, earned him a place among the leading masters of the Italianate trend in Dutch landscape painting.
Jan Both's legacy is preserved in prestigious collections worldwide, including the Fitzwilliam Museum, the Hermitage, the Kunsthistorisches Museum, the Louvre, and the National Gallery, among others. His work reflects a significant Italian influence merged with his native Dutch sensibilities, marking him as a key figure in the 17th-century art scene.
For collectors and experts in art and antiques, Jan Dirksz Both's oeuvre offers a fascinating glimpse into the blend of Dutch and Italian influences that characterize the Italianate landscape painting tradition. His contributions not only enriched Dutch art but also provided a bridge between the Renaissance and Baroque periods, capturing the beauty of landscapes with a unique, poetic light.
To explore more about Jan Dirksz Both's contributions to art and to stay informed about exhibitions or sales featuring his work, signing up for updates from art institutions can offer exclusive insights into the world of this influential Dutch painter. This subscription ensures enthusiasts and collectors are well-informed about developments related to Both's oeuvre, enhancing their appreciation and understanding of his artistic legacy.

Gerrit Adriaenszoon Berckheyde was a Dutch Golden Age painter, active in Haarlem, Amsterdam, and The Hague, who is best known today for his cityscapes.

Cornelis Saftleven was a Dutch painter who worked in a great variety of genres. Known in particular for his rural genre scenes, his range of subjects was very wide and included portraits, farmhouse interiors, rural and beach scenes, landscapes with cattle, history paintings, scenes of Hell, allegories, satires and illustrations of proverbs.

Thomas Hendricksz de Keyser was a Dutch portrait painter, a dealer in Belgium bluestone and stone mason. He was the most in-demand portrait painter in the Netherlands until the 1630s, when Rembrandt van Rijn eclipsed him in popularity. Rembrandt was influenced by his work, and many of de Keyser's paintings were later falsely attributed to Rembrandt.

Jan Victors was a Dutch Golden Age painter mainly of history paintings of Biblical scenes, with some genre scenes. He may have been a pupil of Rembrandt. He probably died in the Dutch East Indies.
He was a conscientious member of the Calvinist Dutch Reformed Church, and for this reason he avoided creating art which depicts Christ, angels, or nudity.

Jan Siberechts was a Flemish landscape painter whose career spanned both his native land and England. Initially, Siberechts developed a personal style of landscape painting in Antwerp, emphasizing Flemish countryside and country life. His work was influenced by Dutch Italianate landscape painters such as Nicolaes Berchem and Karel Dujardin, reflecting a blend of local and Italianate elements. This phase of his career was marked by vivid depictions of the Flemish rural life, with robust country girls in bright attire becoming a signature motif of his paintings.
Siberechts moved to England around 1672, where he significantly contributed to the English landscape tradition. In England, he painted decorations for the Duke's Cliveden House and later, traveled extensively, completing commissions for aristocratic clients. His English landscapes maintained their Flemish character but also started to focus more on universal themes, with less emphasis on figures and more on the scenery itself. These works are characterized by powerful trees, soft light on distant hills, and a relatively dark foreground to highlight the illuminated vistas in the background.
Siberechts is credited as the 'father of British landscape' for his pioneering country house portraits, blending detailed naturalistic views of stately homes into atmospheric landscapes. This innovative approach had a lasting influence on English landscape painting. His work, such as the views of Longleat and the Belsize Estate, represents an important step in the development of topographical painting, merging Flemish influences with the emerging English landscape tradition.
For collectors and experts in art and antiques, Siberechts' oeuvre offers a unique window into the transnational flow of artistic ideas in the 17th century, blending Flemish traditions with the nascent English landscape genre. His paintings, celebrated for their detail and historical topographical interest, can be found in prestigious collections such as the Tate Gallery London and the Victoria and Albert Museum.
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Hubert Robert was a renowned French artist, celebrated for his captivating landscape paintings and architectural fantasies. Born in Paris in 1733, Robert's talent was nurtured early on, thanks to the patronage of the Choiseul family. His journey to Rome in 1754 marked a pivotal phase in his career, where he immersed himself in studying ancient and modern Italian architecture, significantly influencing his artistic style.
Hubert Robert's work is characterized by its romantic depiction of ruins, blending fantasy with historical accuracy, which earned him the nickname "Robert des Ruines." His landscapes and capricci, which are imaginative compositions of architectural elements, resonated with the art collectors and the aristocracy of his time, securing his place as a key figure in French art history.
Noteworthy are Hubert Robert's contributions to the design of picturesque gardens, where he provided atmospheric visions rather than practical layouts. His involvement in the creation of gardens at places like Ermenonville and Méréville showcases his ability to merge art with nature, creating spaces that were both innovative and inspirational.
His artworks, such as "The Port of Rome" and "The Old Bridge," are treasured in prestigious galleries worldwide, reflecting his enduring legacy in the realm of art and culture. For art collectors and experts, Hubert Robert's oeuvre offers a window into the 18th-century artistic landscape, where imagination and historical elements coalesce to form compelling visual narratives.
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Jean-Baptiste Oudry was a French Rococo painter, engraver, and tapestry designer. He is particularly well known for his naturalistic pictures of animals and his hunt pieces depicting game. His son, Jacques-Charles Oudry, was also a painter.

Laurent de La Hyre, a prominent French Baroque painter born in Paris in 1606, is celebrated for his mastery in landscape and allegorical paintings. Throughout his career, La Hyre exhibited a profound influence from the Italian artists who visited Paris, studying under Georges Lallemand and drawing inspiration from Primaticcio at Fontainebleau. Despite never traveling to Italy himself, La Hyre’s work was characterized by a captivating use of color and the delicate composition of figures, marking him as a key figure in the transitional period leading up to the French Baroque era introduced by Simon Vouet.
La Hyre’s paintings are notable for their gravity, simplicity, and dignity, qualities that resonated with the neoclassical style of Parisian Atticism he championed. His early works are particularly recognized for their painterly style and storytelling prowess, often depicting subjects rarely seen in his contemporaries' work. One of his most significant contributions was to the Capuchin friars of the Marais, with the painting of Pope Nicholas V discovering the corpse of St. Francis of Assisi, now housed in the Louvre alongside eight other works by La Hyre. Museums in Strasbourg, Rouen, and Le Mans also boast collections of his work, showcasing his broad appeal and the versatility of his subject matter.
In 1648, La Hyre's status in the art world was further cemented by his role as one of the founding members of the French Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture, highlighting his influence and prominence in French art history. Despite his fame, La Hyre’s legacy underwent periods of reevaluation, particularly towards the end of the 17th century when his work received less favorable comparisons to contemporaries like Vouet, Champaigne, and Le Sueur. Nonetheless, his impact on the French Baroque movement and his contribution to the Academy underline the significance of his work and his role in the development of French art.
La Hyre's oeuvre spans a wide range of themes, from mythological and biblical scenes to allegories of the liberal arts, demonstrating his versatility and innovative approach to art. Among his notable works are the allegorical representations of the Seven Liberal Arts, designed as a series and showcasing disciplines like Astronomy, Grammar, and Music as personified figures, reflecting the intellectual and cultural values of his time.
Collectors and experts in art and antiques appreciate La Hyre not only for the aesthetic and historical value of his paintings but also for the insights they provide into the cultural and intellectual currents of 17th-century France. His works, preserved in prestigious museums and galleries, continue to be celebrated for their artistic merit and historical significance.
For those keen on exploring the rich tapestry of Baroque art and the contributions of Laurent de La Hyre to this period, signing up for updates on new product sales and auction events related to La Hyre is an invaluable opportunity. This subscription ensures that enthusiasts and collectors are well-informed about the latest discoveries and offerings related to this influential artist, without the intrusion of unrelated content.
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Antoine Coypel was a French painter, known for his versatile and eclectic style, which blended the French classical tradition with influences from Pieter Paul Rubens and the Roman Baroque. His career flourished thanks to his role as a court painter and his positions within the French art world, including his tenure as a professor and director at the Académie Royale.
Antoine Coypel's artistry was evident in his ability to infuse classical subjects with a vibrant color palette and dynamic compositions, reflecting a transition in French painting towards a lighter 18th-century style. His notable works include "Democritus" at the Louvre and "Susan accused of adultery" at the Museo del Prado, demonstrating his range from philosophical figures to biblical narratives. Beyond painting, Coypel was also a master draughtsman, with many of his drawings preserved at the Louvre, showcasing his skill in figure studies and preparatory sketches.
Antoine Coypel's legacy extends through his family, with his son Charles-Antoine and half-brother Noël-Nicolas also being recognized painters. His works are held in esteemed collections globally, from the Louvre in Paris to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, and continue to be celebrated for their artistic merit and historical significance.
For collectors and art experts, understanding Antoine Coypel's contributions provides valuable insights into the evolution of French art and the interplay between classical influences and personal creativity.
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Jean-Baptiste Santerre was a French painter and draughtsman of the Style Louis XIV, known for his history paintings, portraits, and portrait-like genre subjects. Considerably influenced by Italian masters of the Bolognese school as well as his French contemporaries, Santerre nonetheless made an original contribution in his art, being among the first French painters to bring Netherlandish influences.
After achieving initial success as a portrait painter by the late 1690s, Santerre began to branch out into the fields of genre painting and, in which he combined the fantasy portrait of Northern tradition, as seen in the art of Rembrandt and Gerrit Dou, with the allegorical portrait, then fashionable in France. At the same time, he also painted history paintings and altarpieces of biblical and religious subjects, suffused with a strong erotic character.
Santerre's work brought him a controversial reputation, in light of his association with the French Regency era; it was during the 19th and 20th centuries when it met a broader appreciation. Santerre is regarded as a precursor of the Rococo era painting, as well as of both Neoclassical and Romantic painting, and was said to be an influence on subsequent generations of artists during the said eras.

Jean-Jacques Lagrenée, known as the Younger, was a French history painter and engraver. With his elder brother Louis-Jean-François Lagrenée, he stayed in Russia (1760-62) then at the Académie de Rome (1763-68).

Pierre-Athanase Chauvin was a French painter active in Italy.
Chauvin was a student of the landscape painter Pierre-Henri de Valenciennes. He began his career at the Paris Salon in 1793 and won the First Class Medal in 1819 with his painting Charles VIII’s entry into Acquapendente. The painting was commissioned by Louis XVIII of France for the Galerie de Diane at the Palace of Fontainebleau.

Giovanni Paolo Pannini (Panini) was an Italian painter and architect who worked in Rome and is primarily known as one of the vedutisti. As a painter, Panini is best known for his vistas of Rome, in which he took a particular interest in the city's antiquities. Among his most famous works are his view of the interior of the Pantheon (on behalf of Francesco Algarotti), and his vedute — paintings of picture galleries containing views of Rome. Most of his works, especially those of ruins, have a fanciful and unreal embellishment characteristic of capriccio themes. In this they resemble the capricci of Marco Ricci. Panini also painted portraits, including one of Pope Benedict XIV.

Caspar van Wittel, also known as Gaspare Vanvitelli in Italy, was a pioneering Dutch painter who significantly contributed to the art of topographical painting, known as "vedute," during his long career in Rome. Born in Amersfoort, the Dutch Republic, around 1652 or 1653, van Wittel moved to Italy, where he spent most of his life, becoming a key figure in transforming topography into a painterly specialization in Italian art.
Caspar van Wittel's work is distinguished by its meticulous depiction of urban landscapes, capturing the architectural beauty and atmospheric qualities of cities like Rome, Florence, Venice, and Naples with a remarkable level of detail and accuracy. He is credited with influencing the vedute genre in Italian art, predating and possibly inspiring the Venetian painter Canaletto, one of the most famous vedutisti.
His paintings, such as the grand canvas of Piazza Navona, Rome, showcase his innovative approach to cityscape painting, focusing on the modern city rather than the remnants of classical antiquity. This work highlights significant architectural projects and provides insight into the urban development of Rome during that period.
Caspar van Wittel's contributions to art were celebrated in the exhibition "MAESTRO VAN WITTEL - Dutch master of the Italian cityscape" at Kunsthal KAdE, showcasing a comprehensive collection of his paintings and drawings from various international collections.
For collectors and experts in art and antiques, Caspar van Wittel's vedute offer a unique window into the urban landscapes of 17th and 18th-century Italy, blending architectural precision with atmospheric beauty. His works remain highly sought after for their historical significance and artistic mastery.
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Luca Carlevarijs was an Italian painter and engraver working mainly in Venice. He pioneered the genre of the cityscapes (vedute) of Venice, a genre that was later widely followed by artists such as Canaletto and Francesco Guardi.

Henry Fuseli (German: Johann Heinrich Füssli) was a Swiss painter, draughtsman and writer on art who spent much of his life in Britain. Many of his works, such as The Nightmare, deal with supernatural subject matter. He painted works for John Boydell's Shakespeare Gallery, and created his own "Milton Gallery". He held the posts of Professor of Painting and Keeper at the Royal Academy. His style had a considerable influence on many younger British artists, including William Blake.

Johann Georg Platzer was a distinguished Austrian Rococo painter and draughtsman, renowned for his vibrant and intricate historical and mythical scenes. Born in 1704 in Eppan, South Tyrol, Platzer belonged to a lineage of painters, which significantly influenced his career path. His work is celebrated for its dynamic compositions, detailed figures, and the ability to imbue scenes with a sense of vitality and opulence characteristic of the Rococo period.
Johann Georg Platzer's oeuvre includes a variety of subjects, from allegorical representations, such as the "Allegory of the Four Seasons," to scenes of courtly life and mythological narratives. His technique, marked by meticulous attention to detail and a masterful use of color, allowed him to create paintings that were not only visually stunning but also rich in narrative. Notably, his self-portrait and works like "Dancing Scene with Palace Interior" and "Fountain Scene in Front of a Palace" exemplify his skill in depicting intricate details and textures, from the luxurious fabrics of the figures' clothing to the architectural elements surrounding them.
The Joanneum Alte Galerie in Graz, Austria, holds the most significant collection of Platzer's paintings under a single roof, indicating the artist's prominence within the Austrian art scene of the 18th century. Furthermore, his paintings are housed in prestigious institutions worldwide, including the Art Institute of Chicago, showcasing his international recognition.
For collectors and experts in art and antiques, Johann Georg Platzer represents a pivotal figure in the Rococo movement, with his works offering a glimpse into the opulence and dynamic culture of 18th-century Austrian society. His paintings not only appeal to those interested in the artistic styles of the Rococo period but also to anyone fascinated by the historical and mythological narratives of the era.
To stay informed about new discoveries, sales, and auction events related to Johann Georg Platzer's works, signing up for updates is recommended. This will ensure enthusiasts and collectors are promptly informed about opportunities to acquire works by this illustrious artist, further enriching their collections with the vibrant history and culture encapsulated in Platzer's paintings.
Joseph Wright, styled Joseph Wright of Derby, was an English landscape and portrait painter. He has been acclaimed as "the first professional painter to express the spirit of the Industrial Revolution".
Wright is notable for his use of tenebrism, an exaggerated form of the better known chiaroscuro effect, which emphasizes the contrast of light and dark, and for his paintings of candle-lit subjects. His paintings of the birth of science out of alchemy, often based on the meetings of the Lunar Society of Birmingham, a group of scientists and industrialists living in the English Midlands, are a significant record of the struggle of science against religious values in the period known as the Age of Enlightenment.
Many of Wright's paintings and drawings are owned by Derby City Council, and are on display at the Derby Museum and Art Gallery.

John Robert Cozens was a British draftsman and painter of romantic watercolour landscapes.
Cozens executed watercolors in curious atmospheric effects and illusions which had an influence on Thomas Girtin and J.M.W. Turner. Indeed, his work is full of poetry. There is a solemn grandeur in his Alpine views and a sense of vastness, a tender tranquility and a kind of mystery in most of his paintings, leaving parts in his pictures for the imagination of the spectator to dwell on and search into. John Constable described Cozens as «the greatest genius that ever touched landscape».

Thomas Daniell was an English landscape painter who also painted Orientalist themes. He spent seven years in India, accompanied by his nephew William, also an artist, and published several series of aquatints of the country.

Joseph Mallord William Turner, a seminal figure in British painting, was born in 1775 and left an indelible mark on the Romantic movement. Known for his expressive coloration, imaginative landscapes, and turbulent marine paintings, Turner's work transcends the traditional boundaries of art to capture the sublime force of nature. His career was distinguished by early talent, evidenced by his acceptance into the Royal Academy at the young age of 14, and a prolific output that included over 2,000 paintings and 19,000 drawings and sketches.
William Turner's unique approach to landscape painting, characterized by dramatic skies and atmospheric effects, set a new standard for capturing mood and emotion on canvas. His innovative use of light and color influenced countless artists, elevating landscape painting to rival the status of history painting. Turner's legacy is also marked by his eccentricity and reclusiveness, traits that only added to the mystique surrounding his artistic genius.
Among his most famous works are "The Fighting Temeraire," symbolizing the passing of the old world, and "Rain, Steam and Speed," capturing the Industrial Revolution's impact. These paintings not only showcase William Turner's technical skill but also his philosophical engagement with the changing world around him.
For collectors and experts in art and antiques, William Turner's works represent the pinnacle of Romantic art, offering insight into the 19th-century aesthetic and philosophical landscape. His influence on subsequent generations of artists underscores his position as a pivotal figure in the history of Western art.
To stay informed about Joseph Mallord William Turner's works and related events, signing up for updates from reputable art institutions can provide valuable insights into new discoveries and auction events related to this master of the British landscape.

Joseph Mallord William Turner, a seminal figure in British painting, was born in 1775 and left an indelible mark on the Romantic movement. Known for his expressive coloration, imaginative landscapes, and turbulent marine paintings, Turner's work transcends the traditional boundaries of art to capture the sublime force of nature. His career was distinguished by early talent, evidenced by his acceptance into the Royal Academy at the young age of 14, and a prolific output that included over 2,000 paintings and 19,000 drawings and sketches.
William Turner's unique approach to landscape painting, characterized by dramatic skies and atmospheric effects, set a new standard for capturing mood and emotion on canvas. His innovative use of light and color influenced countless artists, elevating landscape painting to rival the status of history painting. Turner's legacy is also marked by his eccentricity and reclusiveness, traits that only added to the mystique surrounding his artistic genius.
Among his most famous works are "The Fighting Temeraire," symbolizing the passing of the old world, and "Rain, Steam and Speed," capturing the Industrial Revolution's impact. These paintings not only showcase William Turner's technical skill but also his philosophical engagement with the changing world around him.
For collectors and experts in art and antiques, William Turner's works represent the pinnacle of Romantic art, offering insight into the 19th-century aesthetic and philosophical landscape. His influence on subsequent generations of artists underscores his position as a pivotal figure in the history of Western art.
To stay informed about Joseph Mallord William Turner's works and related events, signing up for updates from reputable art institutions can provide valuable insights into new discoveries and auction events related to this master of the British landscape.

Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot was a French landscape and portrait painter as well as a printmaker in etching. He is a pivotal figure in landscape painting and his vast output simultaneously referenced the Neo-Classical tradition and anticipated the plein-air innovations of Impressionism.

Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot was a French landscape and portrait painter as well as a printmaker in etching. He is a pivotal figure in landscape painting and his vast output simultaneously referenced the Neo-Classical tradition and anticipated the plein-air innovations of Impressionism.

Jean Désiré Gustave Courbet was a French painter who led the Realism movement in 19th-century French painting. Committed to painting only what he could see, he rejected academic convention and the Romanticism of the previous generation of visual artists. His independence set an example that was important to later artists, such as the Impressionists and the Cubists. Courbet occupies an important place in 19th-century French painting as an innovator and as an artist willing to make bold social statements through his work.

Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller was an Austrian painter and writer. Waldmüller was one of the most important Austrian painters of the Biedermeier period.

Rudolf Koller was a Swiss painter. He is associated with a realist and classicist style, and also with the essentially romantic Düsseldorf school of painting. Koller's style is similar to that of the realist painters Gustave Courbet and Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot. Considered Switzerland's finest animal painter, Koller is rated alongside George Stubbs, Rosa Bonheur and Théodore Géricault. While his reputation was based on his paintings of animals, he was a sensitive and innovative artist whose well-composed works in the "plein air" tradition, including Swiss mountain landscapes, are just as finely executed.
He has been described as "the painter of the Swiss national animal", because of his paintings of cows in Swiss landscapes. He is considered, along with Frank Buchser and Gustave Eugène Castan, to be one of the most important Swiss painters of the 19th century. The Gotthardpost, or The St Gotthard Mailcoach, is one of his most famous paintings. It depicts a mail coach, drawn by white horses, speeding along a mountain road.

John Atkinson Grimshaw was an English Victorian-era artist best known for his nocturnal scenes of urban landscapes. He was called a «remarkable and imaginative painter» by the critic and historian Christopher Wood in Victorian Painting (1999).
Grimshaw's love for realism stemmed from a passion for photography, which would eventually lend itself to the creative process. Though entirely self-taught, he is known to have used a camera obscura or lenses to project scenes onto canvas, which made up for his shortcomings as a draughtsman and his imperfect knowledge of perspective. This technique, which Caravaggio and Vermeer may also have used, was condemned by a number of his contemporaries who believed it demonstrated less skill than painting by eye, with some claiming that his paintings appeared to «show no marks of handling or brushwork», while others "were doubtful whether they could be accepted as paintings at all". However, many recognised his mastery of colour, lighting and shadow, as well as his unique ability to provoke strong emotional responses in the viewer. James McNeill Whistler, who Grimshaw worked with in his Chelsea studios, stated, «I considered myself the inventor of nocturnes until I saw Grimmy's moonlit pictures».





















































































































































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