School of Paris
Henri-Georges Adam was a French engraver and non-figurative sculptor of the École de Paris, who was also involved in the creation of numerous monumental tapestries. His work in these three areas is regarded as among the most extensive of the twentieth century.
Jean-Victor Vincent Adam was a French painter and lithographer.
Adam came from a dynasty of artists and studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. He painted views of various cities, including Russian Kazan and Yekaterinburg, as well as battle scenes from Napoleon's military campaigns. Collections of images of French military costumes prepared by Adam were published. His genre paintings with hunting scenes and animals are also known.
Alexander Porfyrovych Archipenko was a Ukrainian and American avant-garde artist, sculptor, and graphic artist. He was one of the first to apply the principles of Cubism to architecture, analyzing human figure into geometrical forms.
Maurice Paul Jean Asselin was a French painter, watercolourist, printmaker, lithographer, engraver and illustrator, associated with the School of Paris. He is best known for still lifes and nudes. Other recurring themes in his work are motherhood, and the landscapes and seascapes of Brittany. He also worked as a book illustrator, particularly in the 1920s. His personal style was characterised by subdued colours, sensitive brushwork and a strong sense of composition and design.
He was awarded the rank of Officier de la Légion d'honneur in 1939.
Ernst Rudolf Baerwind was a German painter. Baerwind studied at the art academies in Munich, Berlin and Paris. Baerwind's work was initially based on early German Expressionism. After a surrealist phase, he was influenced in Paris by the painting of the École de Paris and by Informel and then found his way to the International Style.
Emile André Boisseau was a French sculptor.
He studied sculpture at the École des Beaux-Arts under Dumont and Bonnacier and has exhibited regularly at the Salon since 1879. Boisseau worked with bronze, onyx and other materials, creating busts, group compositions on mythological and religious subjects. Boisseau was an officer of the Legion of Honor.
Francis Bott war als deutscher Maler ein Vertreter der „Zweiten École de Paris“, also des französischen „Informel“. Sein künstlerisches Schaffen weist zwei scheinbar gegensätzliche Schwerpunkte auf: surreale, phantastische Gegenständlichkeit und tachistisch, geometrische Abstraktion. Sein Werk besteht aus Gemälden, Glasmalereien, Handzeichnungen, Aquarellen, Gouachen, Plastiken und Objekten; auch als Bühnenbildner hat er sich betätigt.
Bernard Buffet was a French painter, printmaker, and sculptor.
He produced a varied and extensive body of work. His style was exclusively figurative. The artist enjoyed worldwide popularity early in his career but was shunned by art pundits later on.
Today, there is a renewed interest in Bernard Buffet's oeuvre. His works can be seen in the collections of the world's leading museums, including the Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris, the Tate, and the Museum of Modern Art.
Jean Carzou (Armenian: Ժան Գառզու), birth name: Garnik Zouloumian (French: Karnik Zouloumian; Armenian: Գառնիկ Զուլումեան) was an Armenian-French artist: painter, graphic artist, scenographer, book illustrator, representative of the Paris School. Years of creative activity - 1925-1999. The characteristic definition of Karzu's works is "magic realism".
Jean Carzou's works demonstrate a unique combination of realism and fantasy. His ability to give ordinary scenes mystery and intrigue distinguishes his work. Depictions of bustling city streets, serene landscapes or poignant human figures evoke a sense of contemplation and encourage viewers to delve deeper into the subject matter of each work.
Marc Chagall (born Moishe Shagal) was a Belarusian-French artist. An early modernist, he was associated with several major artistic styles and created works in a wide range of artistic formats, including painting, drawings, book illustrations, stained glass, stage sets, ceramics, tapestries and fine art prints.
Jacques (Ya'akov) Chapiro was a painter of the School of Paris.
Chapiro's works can be found in museums in the United States (Chicago), Russia (Moscow) and France (Jeu de Paume, Paris). As to his artistic style, it seems that Chapiro was fond of experiments. His many paintings are much different from one another; some are classified as Cubistic in style, some as Impressionist and others as Fauvist. Throughout his artistic career, Chapiro kept sketching in his unique signature, with a light and talented hand. It is in his realistic sketching, which are somewhat casual, that one can be truly impressed by his talent.
Charles Joshua Chaplin was a French painter and printmaker.
He studied painting at the École des Beaux-Arts de Paris and initially painted realistic landscapes. Later, however, Chaplin became known for his elegant neo-Roco portraits of young women. These sensual images of women and young girls posing erotically in misty surroundings and often dressed in transparent clothing attracted the interest of high society and the aristocracy of the time.
In the mid-19th century, Chaplin's works were a great success, he was often exhibited in the salons in Paris and at the Royal Academy of Arts in Great Britain and was one of the most popular painters of the Second Empire.
Antoni Clavé was a Catalan master painter, printmaker, sculptor, stage designer and costume designer. He was nominated for two Academy Awards (Best Art Direction and Best Costume Design) for his work on the 1952 film Hans Christian Andersen.
Clavé was one of Spain's best known and most celebrated artists. His work evolved from a baroque, ornamental style to a pure, minimal aesthetic. In his later years, his work is completely abstract, employing expressive lines and exploring the boundaries of collage, objet trove, shading, texture and color. He was trained at the School of Fine Arts, Barcelona, where he was taught by Angel Ferrant and Felix Mestres. With his works being influenced by artists such as Bonnard, Vuillard and Roualt. He is best known for his lyrical abstractions, works which combine paint with collage.
Charles Courtney Curran is an American impressionist painter.
He was educated at the National Academy of Design (New York), then studied at the Académie Julian in Paris.
Curran is known for his romantic depictions of young women in nature, where they are walking, playing sports or just admiring flowers. The artist also painted plein air, experimenting with a variety of artistic styles, including Impressionism, Symbolism, Tonalism and Naturalism.
Giuseppe Maria Alberto Giorgio de Chirico was an Italian artist and writer born in Greece. In the years before World War I, he founded the scuola metafisica art movement, which profoundly influenced the surrealists. His most well-known works often feature Roman arcades, long shadows, mannequins, trains, and illogical perspective. His imagery reflects his affinity for the philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer and of Friedrich Nietzsche, and for the mythology of his birthplace.
Maurice de Vlaminck was a French painter. Along with André Derain and Henri Matisse, he is considered one of the principal figures in the Fauve movement, a group of modern artists who from 1904 to 1908 were united in their use of intense colour. Vlaminck was one of the Fauves at the controversial Salon d'Automne exhibition of 1905.
Sonia Delaunay-Terk (Russian: Соня Делоне-Терк) was a Russian-French painter and designer of Jewish descent. She received the name Sonia Terk, by which she is known, in 1890 after being adopted by her uncle. She is also called Sonia Delaunay in literature. She is considered a representative of geometric abstraction. Her artistic role models include Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin. From 1912, she developed the so-called Orphism with her husband Robert Delaunay.
Jean Philippe Arthur Dubuffet was a French painter and sculptor. His idealistic approach to aesthetics embraced so-called "low art" and eschewed traditional standards of beauty in favor of what he believed to be a more authentic and humanistic approach to image-making. He is perhaps best known for founding the art movement art brut, and for the collection of works — Collection de l'art brut — that this movement spawned. Dubuffet enjoyed a prolific art career, both in France and in America, and was featured in many exhibitions throughout his lifetime.
Tsugouharu Foujita was a French twentieth-century artist of Japanese descent. He is known for his unique style, combining elements of Japanese painting and printmaking with European realism.
Foujita created a wide range of works in a variety of genres, including nudes, images of cats, portraits of women and children, and self-portraits. He later converted to Catholicism and began creating paintings with religious themes. The artist was internationally recognized, and his work was exhibited in many countries around the world. His work was characterized by the perfection of pictorial technique, virtuosity of drawing and an atmosphere of sophistication. The master also showed talent in graphics, photography, ceramics, theater, cinema and fashion design. Prices for his paintings were comparable to those of Picasso's works.
Johnny Friedlaender was a leading German/French 20th-century artist, whose works have been exhibited in Germany, France, Netherlands, Italy, Japan and the United States. He has been influential upon other notable artists, who were students in his Paris gallery. His preferred medium of aquatint etching is a technically difficult artistic process, of which Friedlaender has been a pioneer.
Julio González was a Spanish sculptor and painter. He was began his artistic career as a painter, but later turned to sculpture, becoming one of the most important figures in the development of modern sculpture in the 20th century.
González's work was heavily influenced by his interest in industrial materials, and he is known for his innovative use of iron and steel in sculpture. He was one of the first artists to use welding techniques in sculpture, and his work often features abstract forms and flowing lines.
González moved to Paris in 1900, where he became involved in the avant-garde art scene and formed close friendships with artists such as Pablo Picasso and Joan Miró. He continued to work as an artist throughout his life, producing a wide range of sculptures and paintings.
Today, his work is widely regarded as some of the most important in the history of modern sculpture, and his legacy has had a significant impact on the development of contemporary art. His sculptures can be found in collections around the world, including at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City and the Tate Gallery in London.
Moïse Kisling is a French émigré painter originally from Poland. His Post-Impressionist and Fauvist works are known for their vibrant colors, simplicity, and grace. He often depicted female figures, portraits, flowers, landscapes and still lifes.
Kisling is one of the key representatives of the Paris School of painting. Kisling's works are in various public museum collections, including the Harvard Art Museums , the British Museum, the Fuji Art Museum of Tokyo, and the Israel Museum.
Marie Laurencin was a French artist, theater set designer and printmaker. She was a representative of Cubism as well as one of the few women artists who succeeded in the French avant-garde artistic environment of the early 20th century.
Marie Laurensin studied painting at the private painting school "Académie Humbert" in Paris. One of her closest friends and colleagues was Pablo Picasso. Laurencencin's work is characterized by soft, pastel tonalities and sensuous depictions of female figures. She also created portraits and illustrations for fashion magazines and books.
Marie Laurencin was awarded the ribbon of the Legion of Honor. A street in Paris was named after her.
Jacques Lipchitz was a Cubist sculptor. Lipchitz retained highly figurative and legible components in his work leading up to 1915-16, after which naturalist and descriptive elements were muted, dominated by a synthetic style of Crystal Cubism. In 1920 Lipchitz held his first solo exhibition, at Léonce Rosenberg's Galerie L'Effort Moderne in Paris. Fleeing the Nazis he moved to the US and settled in New York City and eventually Hastings-on-Hudson.
Emmanuel Mané-Katz (Hebrew: מאנה כץ) was a Ukrainian-born Jewish artist who is best known for his depictions of Jewish life and culture.
Mané-Katz studied art in Kiev and Paris, where he was influenced by the Fauvist and Cubist movements. He became a prominent figure in the Jewish art world, painting scenes of Jewish life in Eastern Europe and the Middle East. He was particularly interested in Jewish religious ceremonies and rituals, and often depicted rabbis, Hasidic Jews, and other members of the Jewish community.
Mané-Katz was also a collector of Jewish art and artifacts, and his collection of Judaica became world-renowned. He wrote several books on Jewish art and culture, including "The Jew in Art" and "The Jewish Festivals in Painting."
Today, Mané-Katz's work can be found in the collections of museums such as the Israel Museum in Jerusalem, the Jewish Museum in New York City, and the Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris. His legacy continues to be celebrated by those who appreciate his contributions to the representation of Jewish life and culture in art.
Alfred Manessier was a French painter and graphic artist, a representative of the New Paris School and the Salon de May.
He was educated at the Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris and was fascinated by Cubism, Surrealism, Fauvism, like many artists of that generation. But at the same time he studied with the old masters and with the coryphaei of Impressionism. In the middle of his life, Manassier reconsidered his views and turned to religious subjects and landscapes with sea views. He became involved in stained glass and tapestry art.
René Margotton was a French cubist painter of the Paris School. He was called the "artist of light" for his stained glass art.
He created many stained glass windows in France for the Church of St. Martin in Vallauris, the Basilica of St. Martin in Tours, and the Basilica of St. Pius X in Lourdes, which houses 20 jewels.
René Margotton is the father of the French painter and sculptor Bernard Romain.
Amedeo Clemente Modigliani was an Italian artist who was born on July 12, 1884, in Livorno, Italy, and died on January 24, 1920, in Paris, France. He is known for his unique style of painting, which combined elements of traditional African sculpture with a modernist aesthetic.
Modigliani's early work was heavily influenced by the Italian Renaissance masters, but he soon moved away from this style and began experimenting with more modernist techniques. He was particularly interested in the use of elongated forms and simplified shapes, which he felt gave his work a sense of elegance and grace.
Modigliani also had a fascination with African art, which he collected and studied extensively. He incorporated elements of this art into his own work, using the stylized forms and geometric shapes as inspiration for his portraits and nudes.
Modigliani's life was marked by personal tragedy and artistic struggle. He struggled with alcoholism and drug addiction throughout his career, which may have contributed to his premature death at the age of 35. Despite these challenges, he left behind a body of work that has continued to captivate audiences around the world.
Pieter Cornelis Mondriaan, after 1906 Piet Mondrian, was a Dutch painter and art theoretician who is regarded as one of the greatest artists of the 20th century. He is known for being one of the pioneers of 20th-century abstract art, as he changed his artistic direction from figurative painting to an increasingly abstract style, until he reached a point where his artistic vocabulary was reduced to simple geometric elements.
Jules Pascin, born Julius Mordecai Pincas, was a Bulgarian-born American painter and draftsman. He studied art in Vienna, Munich, and Paris, where he settled in 1905.
Pascin became known for his portraits and nudes, which often featured elongated figures and fluid lines. He was also noted for his use of watercolors and his depictions of Parisian nightlife, cafes, and brothels. His work was influenced by the Fauvists and the German Expressionists.
Pascin was a member of the Montparnasse artistic community in Paris, and he was friends with many of the leading artists and writers of the day, including Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, and Ernest Hemingway. He was married twice, but his personal life was marked by numerous affairs and a struggle with alcoholism.
His work is held in many major collections, including the Museum of Modern Art in New York and the Art Institute of Chicago.
Vilmos Perlrott-Csaba was a Hungarian avant-garde artist and one of the brightest representatives of this trend.
He studied at the Julian Academy in Paris, was impressed by the work of Pablo Picasso, Cubism and Fauvism and became one of the creators of the Hungarian avant-garde style.
Pablo Ruiz Picasso was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist and theatre designer who spent most of his adult life in France. Regarded as one of the most influential artists of the 20th century, he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture,[8][9] the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907), and the anti-war painting Guernica (1937), a dramatic portrayal of the bombing of Guernica by German and Italian air forces during the Spanish Civil War.
David Petrovich Shterenberg (Russian: Давид Петрович Штеренберг) was a Russian and Soviet artist of the first half of the twentieth century. He is known as a painter, graphic artist and teacher, one of the main representatives of modern visual art of the Soviet period.
David Shterenberg worked in the genres of landscape, portrait, still life. His work moved from Fauvism, Cubism and Cubo-Futurism to Primitivism, and then back to expressive painting. At the end of his life, the artist became one of the founders of the so-called "silent art.
Shterenberg also worked as a stage designer in theater and as a book illustrator.
Gustave Singier was a Belgian-born French painter associated with the post-war École de Paris movement. He was became a French citizen in 1946.
Singier studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in Lille before moving to Paris in 1934. He became involved with the Surrealist movement in the 1930s and began exhibiting his work at the Salon des Surindépendants in 1937. In the 1940s, he turned to abstraction and became associated with the École de Paris, a group of abstract artists who worked in Paris in the post-war years.
Singier's paintings are characterized by their bold, gestural brushstrokes and use of bright, expressive color. He often worked in series, exploring variations on a particular theme or motif. His work has been compared to that of other post-war abstract painters such as Pierre Soulages and Hans Hartung.
Today, Singier's work can be found in the collections of museums around the world, including the Centre Pompidou in Paris and the Museum of Modern Art in New York. His innovative approach to abstraction and his contributions to the École de Paris movement continue to be celebrated by art enthusiasts and scholars.
Pierre Soulages was a French painter, printmaker, and sculptor. In 2014, François Hollande described him as "the world's greatest living artist."
Soulages is known as "the painter of black," owing to his interest in the colour "both as a colour and a non-colour. When light is reflected on black, it transforms and transmutes it. It opens a mental field all its own." He saw light as a work material; striations of the black surface of his paintings enable him to reflect light, allowing the black to come out of darkness and into brightness, thus becoming a luminous colour.
Chaïm Soutine was a Belarusian painter who made a major contribution to the expressionist movement while living and working in Paris.
Inspired by classic painting in the European tradition, exemplified by the works of Rembrandt, Chardin and Courbet, Soutine developed an individual style more concerned with shape, color, and texture than representation, which served as a bridge between more traditional approaches and the developing form of Abstract Expressionism.
Léopold Survage was a French painter of Finnish origin. Trained in Moscow, he identified with the Russian avant-garde before moving to Paris, where he shared a studio with Amedeo Modigliani and experimented with abstract movies. He also gained commissions for Serge Diaghilev's Ballets Russes.
Wolfgang-Adam Töpffer was a Swiss and French painter, printmaker, caricaturist, and draftsman.
He studied at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris and painted landscapes and portraits. Later he became interested in plein air landscapes and excelled in this art. Töpffer is also known as a talented draughtsman and political cartoonist. His son Rudolf Töpffer also became a caricaturist.
Maurice Utrillo was a French painter who is known for his depictions of the streets and buildings of Montmartre. He was born in Paris and was the son of the artist Suzanne Valadon.
Utrillo struggled with alcoholism and mental illness throughout his life, but he found solace in his art. He began painting in his twenties, and his work quickly gained recognition for its unique style and subject matter. Utrillo's paintings of Montmartre often featured muted colors and thick, impastoed brushstrokes, giving his scenes a sense of depth and atmosphere.
Utrillo's work was widely exhibited throughout Europe and the United States, and he received numerous awards and honors for his contributions to the arts. He was a member of the Société des Artistes Indépendants and the Salon d'Automne, two influential artistic organizations in France.
His work is highly valued by collectors and art enthusiasts alike.
Cornelis Theodorus Maria "Kees" van Dongen was a Dutch-French painter who was one of the leading Fauves. Van Dongen's early work was influenced by the Hague School and symbolism and it evolved gradually into a rough pointillist style. From 1905 onwards — when he took part at the controversial 1905 Salon d'Automne exhibition — his style became more and more radical in its use of form and colour. The paintings he made in the period of 1905-1910 are considered by some to be his most important works. The themes of his work from that period are predominantly centered on the nightlife; he paints dancers, singers, masquerades, and theatre. Van Dongen gained a reputation for his sensuous — at times garish — portraits of especially women.
Jacques Villon, birth name Gaston Duchamp, was a French painter and printmaker. In 1907 he changed his name to Jacques Villon. He was the brother of artists Marcel Duchamp and Raymond Duchamp-Villon.
Villon began his career as a painter and his early work was influenced by the Impressionists and Post-Impressionists. He later became interested in Cubism and, together with his brother Raymond, became a member of the Putot group, a collective of artists who experimented with Cubist techniques.
In addition to painting, Villon was also a skilled engraver. He worked in various engraving techniques, including etching, aquatint and dry glass, and his prints are known for their intricate lines and geometric shapes.
Villon's work continued to evolve throughout his career, experimenting with different styles and techniques. In his later years, he returned to a more traditional style of painting, creating landscapes and portraits with bright colors and expressive strokes.
Villon's works were exhibited in major museums and galleries around the world, including the Museum of Modern Art in New York and the Pompidou Centre in Paris. He is considered to be one of the most significant figures of the Cubist movement and his contribution to modern art is still celebrated today.
