Modern Art — A1125: Modern Art
Ernst Rudolf Baerwind was a German painter. Baerwind studied at the art academies in Munich, Berlin and Paris. Baerwind's work was initially based on early German Expressionism. After a surrealist phase, he was influenced in Paris by the painting of the École de Paris and by Informel and then found his way to the International Style.
Arnold Balwé was a German post-impressionist painter.
He studied at the Antwerp Academy of Art and the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich, traveled extensively and painted landscapes he saw. Balwe's work is characterized by color intensity and vitality.
Max Burchartz, full name Max Hubert Innozenz Maria Burchartz, was a German advertising photographer, designer and avant-garde artist.
Burchartz studied at the Art Academy in Düsseldorf and the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich, experimenting with Impressionism. After World War I, he resumed painting and his pictures reflected the quiet rural life of Germany but retained abstract influences.
In 1924 Burchartz devoted himself fully to the new design in typography and advertising, mixing typography, photography and photo collages. Together with Johannes Canis he founded the advertising agency werbe-bau in Bochum, and from 1926 to 1933 he taught commercial art and photography at the Volkwangschule in Essen.
Max Burchartz had a significant influence on the development of typography and advertising design in Germany. In 1928 he became a member of the board of the Society of New Advertising Designers (Ring neuer werbegestalter) and participated in the International Press Exhibition in Cologne. Burchartz also designed furniture and fittings. He is now considered a pioneer of modern design.
Salvador Dalí, a Spanish Surrealist painter and printmaker, is celebrated for his vivid and imaginative works that delve into subconscious imagery. Born on May 11, 1904, in Figueres, Catalonia, Spain, Dalí's early exposure to Impressionism and Renaissance masters significantly influenced his artistic development. His education in fine arts in Madrid further shaped his style, leading him to experiment with Cubism and avant-garde movements. In the late 1920s, Dalí embraced Surrealism, joining the Surrealist group in 1929 and rapidly becoming one of its most prominent figures.
Dalí's most famous work, "The Persistence of Memory," completed in 1931, epitomizes the Surrealist movement with its iconic melting clocks symbolizing the fluidity of time. His artistic repertoire was diverse, including painting, graphic arts, film, sculpture, design, and photography, often incorporating themes of dreams, the subconscious, sexuality, religion, and science. Despite his remarkable artistic contributions, Dalí's eccentric and flamboyant public persona often overshadowed his work. He faced criticism for his public support of the Francoist regime and the authenticity of some of his late works.
Dalí's legacy is preserved in major museums, notably the Dalí Theatre-Museum in Figueres and the Salvador Dalí Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida. These institutions showcase his extensive and varied body of work, illustrating his profound impact on Surrealism, pop art, and contemporary artists.
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Jean Fautrier was a French painter and sculptor associated with the Art Informel and Tachisme movements. He initially studied architecture before turning to painting in the early 1920s.
Fautrier's early work was influenced by Cubism and Surrealism, but he eventually developed a more abstract style characterized by thick impasto and expressive brushwork. He often used unconventional materials, such as asphalt, sand, and tar, to create textured surfaces that conveyed a sense of materiality.
During World War II, Fautrier was active in the French Resistance and went into hiding to avoid arrest by the Nazis. His experiences during the war had a profound impact on his work, which became darker and more introspective. He began to create what he called "Hostage" paintings, which depicted anonymous faces and figures that were both haunting and vulnerable.
After the war, Fautrier continued to explore themes of violence, trauma, and decay in his art. He created a series of "Otages" (Hostages) sculptures that were made from casts of human limbs and torsos. These works were highly controversial and provoked strong reactions from critics and the public alike.
Fautrier's influence on the development of Art Informel and Tachisme was significant, and he is regarded as one of the key figures of the movement. His work is represented in many major museums and collections around the world, including the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris and the Museum of Modern Art in New York.
Otto Gleichmann is a German artist, a bright representative of German Expressionism.
Otto Gleichmann studied at art academies in Düsseldorf, Breslau and Weimar. While in the army during World War I, he was wounded and absorbed the beliefs of the viciousness of National Socialism. In 1918, together with his wife, he joined the Hanover Secession group of artists and painted expressionist oil paintings, watercolors, drawings, lithographs, and mixed media works, the subjects of which were influenced in particular by his wartime experiences and impressions.
In 1937, Gleichmann's watercolors and prints were confiscated by the National Socialists from state collections as part of the "Degenerate Art" campaign, and most were destroyed.
Werner Graeff was a German sculptor, painter, graphic artist, photographer and inventor.
His first paintings were in the Impressionist style. Around 1919 he turned to cubist forms. This style also influenced his early sculptures.
Walter Gramatté was a German expressionist painter who specialized in magic realism. He worked in Berlin, Hamburg, Hiddensee and Barcelona. He often painted with a mystical view of nature. Many of his works were inspired by his experiences in the First World War and his illness.
Manfred Henninger was a German painter, draughtsman, graphic artist, ceramist and university lecturer. As an artist, he belongs to the lost generation.
His works often revolve around the themes of the human figure and landscape and can be described as late impressionist.
Manfred Henninger was a member of the Deutscher Künstlerbund.
Jean Lambert-Rucki was a Polish avant-garde artist, sculptor, and graphic artist. He was best known for his participation in the Cubist, Surrealist and Art Deco movements. He exhibited at the 1913 Salon d'Automne in Paris; from 1919 was represented by both Léonce Rosenberg at the Galerie de l'Effort Moderne and the art dealer Paul Guillaume. In March 1920, Lambert-Rucki exhibited at the second exhibition of la Section d'Or, Galerie de La Boétie, Paris, and participated in the first exhibition of l'Union des Artistes Modernes, where he continued to show his works. He worked with diverse styles and media, at times he was influenced by the tribal art of Africa. Lambert-Rucki also became well known for his Cubist cityscapes.
Frans Masereel was a Flemish painter and graphic artist who worked mainly in France, known especially for his woodcuts focused on political and social issues, such as war and capitalism. He completed over 40 wordless novels in his career, and among these, his greatest is generally said to be Passionate Journey.
Masereel's woodcuts influenced Lynd Ward and later graphic artists such as Clifford Harper, Eric Drooker, and Otto Nückel.