"Aide Mémoire" vom 4. August 1914 mit dem Protest der englischen Regierung gegen eine mögliche Verletzung der belgischen Neutralität durch die deutsche Armee
25.11.2021 10:00UTC +01:00
Classic
Starting price
4000EUR € 4 000
Auctioneer | Hermann Historica |
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Event location | Germany, Grasbrunn / München |
Buyer Premium | 25 % |
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ID 663955
Lot 3490 | "Aide Mémoire" vom 4. August 1914 mit dem Protest der englischen Regierung gegen eine mögliche Verletzung der belgischen Neutralität durch die deutsche Armee
Estimate value
€ 4 000
Übermittelt an die deutsche Regierung durch den britischen Botschafter in Berlin, Sir Edward Goschen (1847 - 1924), mit handschriftlichem Vermerk Gottlieb von Jagows zur deutschen Antwort. Doppelbogen mit blindgeprägtem, königl. englischem Wappen und handschriftlicher Paginierung "62" bzw. "63", die erste und dritte Seite mit dem maschinengeschriebenen Protest in Englisch, "...His Majesty's Government are also informed that a Note has been delivered to the Belgian Government by the German Government proposing friendly neutrality entailing free passage through Belgian territory... threatening to treat Belgium as an enemy in case of refusal... Sir Edward Grey states that His Majesty's Government are bound to protest against this violation of a Treaty (Anm.: Völkerrecht) to which Germany is a party in common with themselves... Sir Edward Goschen is instructed to ask for an immediate reply.".
Auf der ersten Seite handschriftliche Eingangsbestätigung des Staatssekretärs im Auswärtigen Amt, Gottlieb von Jagow, "A15930 pr. 4. August pm - Von Sir E. Goschen - heute Nachmittag überprüft 4/8 J.", außerdem "...v. I.M. durch Gen.Stab 5/8" sowie diverse weitere handschriftliche Kenntnisnahmekürzel von Generalen oder Politikern mit Datumszusatz "5/8". Auf der zweiten Seite Stempel "Kenntnis genommen. Berlin, den 5.8.1914. Der Chef des Generalstabes der Armee I.M." mit Tintenunterschrift "von Fabeck Oberstleutnant", darunter handschriftlicher Tintenvermerk Gottlieb von Jagows "Ich habe Sir E. Goschen geantwortet, daß wir die belgische Neutralität aus Nothwehr hätten verletzen müssen, ich habe alle unsere zwingenden Gründe auseinandergesetzt und alle in London abgegebenen Versicherungen nochmals wiederholt. Jagow.". Gottlieb von Jagow (1863 - 1935), Diplomat, Gesandter bzw. Botschafter in Luxemburg und Italien, wurde 1913 Staatssekretär im Auswärtigen Amt und Berater Kaiser Wilhelms II. Da ihm sehr an guten deutsch-englischen Beziehungen gelegen war, stand er dem Schlieffen-Plan äußerst skeptisch gegenüber, weil er für ihn zwingend den englischen Kriegseintritt auf Seiten Frankreichs und Belgiens bedeutete. Sir Edward Grey (1862 - 1933), britischer Außenminister von 1905 - 1916, zeichnete sich verantwortlich für die Abkehr Großbritanniens von der "splendid isolation" und war Initiator der "entente cordiale" sowie des englisch-russischen Ausgleichs von 1908. In der Londoner Außenministerkonferenz von 1913 gelang ihm ein vorläufiger Friedensschluss auf dem Balkan. Er scheiterte jedoch damit, die während der Julikrise 1914 aufgetretenen Spannungen zwischen den europäischen Großmächten auf diplomatischem Wege beizulegen. Sir Edward Goschen (1847 - 1924), britischer Diplomat, Botschafter in Belgrad, Kopenhagen, Wien und seit 1908 in Berlin. Am Abend des 4. Augusts 1914 schüttete der deutsche Kanzler Bethmann-Hollweg ihm noch sein Herz aus: er verstünde nicht, warum Großbritannien für "einen Fetzen Papier" ("a scrap of paper" - gemeint war die Garantieerklärung für die Souveränität Belgiens aus dem Jahre 1831) in den Krieg ziehen wolle. Am Ende des Gesprächs sollen sich beide weinend in den Armen gelegen haben. Einen Tag nach der Kriegserklärung an Russland mit gleichzeitigem Befehl zur Generalmobilmachung forderte das Deutsche Reich am 2. August 1914 von Belgien ultimativ den freien Durchmarsch für die deutsche Armee. Der ablehnenden belgischen Antwortnote vom 3. August 1914 folgte die britische Intervention, die jedoch ungehört blieb, denn noch am Nachmittag des 3. Augusts erfolgte die Kriegserklärung des Reiches an Frankreich und am 4. August der Einmarsch in Belgien sowie der Abbruch der diplomatischen Beziehungen zu Großbritannien, was einer Kriegserklärung gleichkam.
Historisch einmaliges und hochbedeutendes Dokument. Insbesondere die in deutscher Bürokratie akribisch verfassten Randnotizen vermitteln hervorragend die Hektik der sich überstürzenden Geschehnisse am Vorabend des vor über 100 Jahren beginnenden 1. Weltkrieges.
Zustand: II
"Aide Mémoire" from August 4, 1914, with the protest of the English government against a possible violation of Belgian neutrality by the German Army
Delivered to the German government by the British Ambassador to Berlin, Sir Edward Goschen (1847 - 1924), with a handwritten note by Gottlieb von Jagow regarding the German reply. Double sheet with blind-stamped Royal British coat of arms and the handwritten pagination "62" and "63", resp. The first and third page with typewritten protest in English, "... His Majesty's Government are also informed that a Note has been delivered to the Belgian Government by the German Government proposing friendly neutrality entailing free passage through Belgian territory ... threatening to treat Belgium as an enemy in case of refusal... Sir Edward Grey states that His Majesty's Government are bound to protest against this violation of a Treaty (editor's note: the Law of Nations) to which Germany is a party in common with themselves ... Sir Edward Goschen is instructed to ask for an immediate reply.". The first page with a handwritten acknowledgement of receipt from the State Secretary in the Foreign Office, Gottlieb von Jagow, (tr.) "A15930 pr. 4. August pm - by Sir E. Goschen - reviewed this afternoon 4/8 J.", also "... of H. M. through Gen. Staff 5/8" and a number of other handwritten abbreviations confirming the information, signed by generals and politicians and dated "5/8". On the second page a stamp reading "Notice taken. Berlin, 5.8.1914. Chief of the General Staff of H.M.'s Army" with ink signature "von Fabeck Lieutenant Colonel", below the handwritten ink note from Gottlieb von Jagow (tr.) "I replied to Sir E. Goschen that we were forced to violate Belgian neutrality out of self-defence and once more repeated all assurances given in London. Jagow.". Gottlieb von Jagow (1863 - 1935), diplomat, envoy and Ambassador to Luxemburg and Italy, became State Secretary in the Foreign Office in 1913 and advisor of Emperor Wilhelm II. He strove to maintain good Anglo-German relations and therefore regarded the Schlieffen Plan very sceptically, as he considered it to inevitably lead to a British involvement in the war on the side of France and Belgium. Sir Edward Grey (1862 - 1933), British Foreign Secretary from 1905 - 1916, is responsible for the end of Britain's "splendid isolation" and was the initiator of the "entente cordiale" and the Anglo-Russian agreement from 1908. In the conference of foreign secretaries in London 1913, he succeeded to establish a temporal peace agreement for the Balkan region. When tensions between the European powers rose in the wake of the July Crisis 1914, he however failed to settle the conflicts by means of diplomacy. Sir Edward Goschen (1847 - 1824), British diplomat, Ambassador to Belgrade, Copenhagen, Vienna and Berlin (as of 1908). On the evening of August 4, 1914, Reich Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg confided to Goschen that he couldn't comprehend why the United Kingdom would want to go to war over "a scrap of paper" (the warrant of Belgian sovereignty from 1831). It is said that at the end of the conversation they fell in each others arms, weeping over the imminent war. One day after the declaration of war against Russia and the order for the general mobilisation, the German Empire made a final request on August 2, 1914, demanding that Belgium grant the German army free passage. The Belgian refusal on August 3, 1914 was followed by a British intervention, which remained unheard, however, as Germany declared war on France on the afternoon of the same day. On August 4, German troops entered Belgium. This act was followed by the end of diplomatic relations to the United Kingdom, a development synonymous with a declaration of war.
Historically unique and significant document, which conveys a profound impression of the events occurring on the eve of World War I, especially by means of the meticulously (typical for German bureaucracy) written marginal notes that imply the frantic moments and the rushing incidents then.
Condition: II
Auction house category: | German history and military |
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Auction house category: | German history and military |
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Address of auction |
Hermann Historica Bretonischer Ring 3 85630 Grasbrunn / München Germany | ||||||||||||||
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