Saudi Arabia-Kuwait Relations - photo 1
Saudi Arabia-Kuwait Relations - photo 2
Saudi Arabia-Kuwait Relations - photo 3

Saudi Arabia-Kuwait Relations

Lot 112
28.04.2021 11:00UTC +00:00
Classic
Starting price
£ 2 000
AuctioneerCHRISTIE'S
Event locationUnited Kingdom, London
Buyer Premiumsee on Website%
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The auction is completed. No bids can be placed anymore.
Archive
ID 519403
Lot 112 | Saudi Arabia-Kuwait Relations
Estimate value
£ 2 000 – 3 000
Saudi Arabia-Kuwait Relations
Arabia No. 1 (1942) Agreement for Friendship and Neighbourly Relations between the Government of the United Kingdom (acting on behalf of His Highness the Sheikh of Koweit) and the Government of Saudi Arabia. [Cmd. 6380] – Arabia No. 2 ... Trade Agreement. [Cmd. 6381] – Arabia No. 3 ... Agreement for the Extradition of Offenders. [Cmd. 6382] London: HMSO, 1942.
Three very rare pamphlets establishing the modern relationship between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. With the rise of Ibn Saud, and the expansion of Saudi territory, in 1915 Britain reached a non-aggression agreement with Ibn Saud to secure their Gulf protectorates of Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar and Oman. In return, the British recognised Ibn Saud's ancestral claims to Nejd, Al Hasa, Jubail and Qatif. However, Ibn Saud claimed Kuwait for Saudi, and sporadic border clashes culminated in Saud's defeat at the Battle of Jahra on 14 October 1920, where Kuwaiti forces were assisted by British naval and air support. In 1922, Ibn Saud came to a peaceful resolution with Sheikh Ahmed, under the Protocol of Uqair. This established 'neutral zones' on Ibn Saud's frontiers with Iraq and Kuwait. These were effectively a compromise between the flexible nomadic tribal boundaries desired by Ibn Saud, and fixed boundaries advocated by Percy Cox, the British Political Resident in the Persian Gulf. The Treaty of Jeddah (1927) further sought to contain Ibn Saud's territorial ambitions, although he continued to blockade Kuwait until 1930.

In 1942, the British, acting on behalf of Kuwait, signed three new agreements with Saudi Arabia, the English versions of which are in this lot. Arabia No. 1 seeks to maintain 'permanent peace and firm and inviolable friendship ... as it has prevailed of old', policed by frontier officers with clearly defined roles. Traditional nomadic grazing practices are recognized, and procedures with respect to the return of loot, punishment for theft of livestock, and compensation for losses from raids, robbery, etc. Arabia No. 2 lays out the procedures, including paperwork, for caravans, sea transport, ports of call, contraband and confiscation thereof. Arabia No. 3defines the offences for which extradition is to be granted by either side, including highway robbery, theft, robbery, plunder, murder, wounding, raiding, smuggling, and violent assault. It emphasises that these are not political offences, and that there shall be no extradition for political offences. However, 'any attempt against or attack on the person of either His Majesty the King of Saudi Arabia or His Highness the Shaikh of Koweit, or any member of their respective families, shall not be deemed a political offence'. It presents procedures for handover, pursuing offenders and preventing flight, and charges. It details different scenarios for the Neutral Zone on the Nejd-Kuwait frontier, in line with the Protocol of Uqair (1922).

3 pamphlets, octavo (245 x 152mm). No. 1 8pp. in stapled self-wrappers, the other two each 4pp. bifolia (extremities faintly creased).
Place of origin:Saudi Arabia
Address of auction CHRISTIE'S
8 King Street, St. James's
SW1Y 6QT London
United Kingdom
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14.04.2021 – 28.04.2021
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