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Josef Albers was a German-born artist and educator. The first living artist to be given a solo shows at MoMA and at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, he taught at the Bauhaus and Black Mountain College, headed Yale University's department of design, and is considered one of the most influential teachers of the visual arts in the twentieth century.
As an artist, Albers worked in several disciplines, including photography, typography, murals and printmaking. He is best known for his work as an abstract painter and a theorist. His book Interaction of Color was published in 1963.
Heinz Mack is a German artist. Together with Otto Piene he founded the ZERO movement in 1957. He exhibited works at documenta in 1964 and 1977 and he represented Germany at the 1970 Venice Biennale. He is best known for his contributions to op art, light art and kinetic art.
Ulrich Rückriem is a German sculptor known for his large-scale stone sculptures that are often displayed in public spaces. He studied at the Werkkunstschule Krefeld and the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf.
Rückriem's early work was influenced by the Minimalist movement, and he became known for creating abstract, geometric sculptures from raw stone blocks. He often works with granite, basalt, and other types of hard stone, using traditional carving techniques to shape and refine his forms.
In the 1970s, Rückriem began creating large-scale public installations, including his "Stone Alignments" series, which consists of rows of standing stones that evoke ancient megaliths and other prehistoric monuments. His work often engages with the natural environment, creating a dialogue between the man-made and the organic.
Rückriem has exhibited his work in museums and galleries around the world, including the Tate Gallery in London, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York, and the Kunstmuseum Bonn in Germany. He has also received numerous awards and honors for his contributions to the field of sculpture, including the International Sculpture Prize in 1987 and the Praemium Imperiale in 2010.
