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Walter Firle was a German painter of the late nineteenth and first third of the twentieth centuries. He is known as a portrait and genre painter.
Firle was the author of a number of genre paintings and paintings on religious themes. Among his famous portraits are depictions of royalty, nobility, and famous personalities, including Prince Regent Luitpold of Bavaria, Ludwig III (King of Bavaria), and German Reich President Paul von Hindenburg. Several of his works were acquired by the National Gallery of Berlin. A portrait of Ludwig III was featured on a series of Bavarian stamps.
Firle was a professor at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich and a member of the Munich Artists' Association.
Isaac Newton was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author (described in his time as a "natural philosopher"), widely recognised as one of the greatest mathematicians and physicists and among the most influential scientists of all time. He was a key figure in the philosophical revolution known as the Enlightenment. His book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), first published in 1687, established classical mechanics. Newton also made seminal contributions to optics, and shares credit with German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz for developing infinitesimal calculus.
In the Principia, Newton formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation that formed the dominant scientific viewpoint until it was superseded by the theory of relativity. Newton used his mathematical description of gravity to derive Kepler's laws of planetary motion, account for tides, the trajectories of comets, the precession of the equinoxes and other phenomena, eradicating doubt about the Solar System's heliocentricity. He demonstrated that the motion of objects on Earth and celestial bodies could be accounted for by the same principles. Newton's inference that the Earth is an oblate spheroid was later confirmed by the geodetic measurements of Maupertuis, La Condamine, and others, convincing most European scientists of the superiority of Newtonian mechanics over earlier systems.
