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John Adams was an American statesman and politician and the second President of the United States (1797-1801).
The Adamses were among the first Puritan settlers in New England, and John's father was a farmer and shoemaker. John Adams graduated from Harvard College, taught grammar school in Worcester, Massachusetts, and then practiced law in Boston. In 1764, Adams married Abigail Smith, a minister's daughter, who became his confidante and lifelong political partner.
In 1765, Adams wrote "A Dissertation on Canon Law and Feudal Law," where he justified his opposition to British interference in the colonies. In the summer of 1774, Adams was elected to the Massachusetts delegation to the First Continental Congress, in which he became a major figure. He wrote Thoughts on Government as a basic guide to drafting new state constitutions. In July 1776, John Adams drafted the Plan of Treaties, which became the basis for the treaty with France and set the strategic priorities that would shape American foreign policy over the next century.
He was elected to the post of head of the War Council, in 1780 he became the author of the Massachusetts Constitution, which became a model for other states, in 1783 he signed the Treaty of Paris. From 1785 to 1788 John Adams served as the first American ambassador to Great Britain and proved himself worthy in this difficult situation, being the official embodiment of American independence from the British Empire. He studied European history extensively and the result was his three-volume book entitled A Defense of the Constitution of the Government of the United States of America (1787).
In 1789 Adams became the country's first vice president (Washington was the first president of the United States), and in 1797 he was elected the second president of the United States. However, his reign was not the best in the history of the new country. Deteriorating relations with France led to an undeclared naval war between the former allies. In 1798, Adams signed the controversial Alien and Sedition Acts, which restricted free speech rights. They met widespread opposition across the country. Adams resisted opposition demands for all-out war with France, but lost the 1800 election to Thomas Jefferson.
John Adams retired from politics and settled in his hometown of Quincy. He became the founder of an entire dynasty of politicians and died on July 4, 1826 (the 50th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence), living to see his eldest son John Quincy elected as the sixth president.
Gortzius Geldorp was a Flemish Renaissance painter who painted mainly portraits, including group portraits, and historical scenes. The painter Georg Geldorp was his son, who worked in England.
Abraham Lincoln was an American statesman and politician, the 16th President of the United States (March 4, 1861 - April 15, 1865).
The son of a frontiersman and a Kentucky farmer, Lincoln worked hard from an early age and struggled to learn. He was a militiaman in the Indian War, practiced law, and sat in the Illinois legislature for eight years. He was an opponent of slavery and gradually gained a national reputation that earned him victory in the 1860 presidential election.
After becoming the 16th president of the United States, Abraham Lincoln turned the Republican Party into a strong national organization. In addition, he drew most Northern Democrats to the Union side. On January 1, 1863, he issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which declared permanently free those slaves who were in Confederate territory. Lincoln considered secession illegal and was prepared to use force to defend federal law and the Union. Four more slave states joined the Confederacy, but four remained in the Union, and the Civil War of 1861-1865 began.
Lincoln personally directed the military action that led to victory over the Confederacy. Abraham Lincoln was reelected in 1864, and on April 14, 1865, he was fatally shot at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. by actor John Wilkes Booth.
Abraham Lincoln is a national hero of the American people, he is considered one of the best and most famous presidents of the United States until today.
Anselm Feuerbach was a famous 19th-century German painter, an outstanding master of the historical genre.
Anselm Feuerbach was also a skilful portrait painter, the majority of his paintings are in the style of Neoclassicism. His finest masterpieces are nowadays kept in museums in Germany, and his biography is closely linked to Italy, where the artist lived for a considerable part of his life.
Ernst Otto Greiner was a German painter and graphic artist. He studied at the Munich Academy of Fine Arts.
Otto Greiner was one of the outstanding masters of German Art Nouveau. The painter's mature style, characterised by unexpected spatial juxtapositions and sharply focused photographic naturalism, was strongly influenced by the work of Max Klinger.
Lynn Russell Chadwick was an English sculptor and artist. Much of his work is semi-abstract sculpture in bronze or steel.
Lynn Russell Chadwick was an English sculptor and artist. Much of his work is semi-abstract sculpture in bronze or steel.
Vincent van Gogh, the Dutch Post-Impressionist painter, is recognized as one of the most influential figures in the history of Western art. Born on March 30, 1853, in Zundert, Netherlands, he lived a life marked by passionate artistry and personal hardship. Initially working as an art dealer and doing missionary work, Van Gogh turned to painting at the age of 27. His decision to pursue art, which at first was not seen as a sign of his extraordinary talent, led to a rapid transformation into a master known for his bold and harmonious color effects and simple but memorable compositions.
Van Gogh's creative career included a significant period of life in Paris, where he met Impressionist and Post-Impressionist painters who had a profound influence on his style. He became famous for creating some 2,100 works of art in just ten years, notable among them landscapes, still lifes, portraits and self-portraits. His art is characterized by vivid colors, dramatic brushwork, and expressive symbolism, which helped form the foundations of modern art. Despite his prolific output, only one of his paintings was sold during his lifetime.
Some of his famous works include Sunflowers, Bedroom at Arles, Starry Night, and Wheat Field with Crows. These works are notable for their innovative use of color and brushwork, demonstrating Van Gogh's ability to convey emotion and beauty in everyday objects.
Unfortunately, Van Gogh suffered from mental illness throughout his life, which led to his suicide at the age of 37. However, his legacy grew posthumously, with his work being widely recognized and displayed in major museums around the world, including the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam and the Art Institute of Chicago. Van Gogh's art, correspondence, and history continue to fascinate and inspire viewers, cementing his place as a key figure in art history.
For collectors and art experts, Van Gogh's works represent not only significant artistic achievements, but also epitomize the artist's intensely personal journey and contribution to the development of modern art.
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The Master of the Ghent Graduel was a Flemish painter, miniaturist, and illuminator who worked in Ghent and Tournai in the second third of the fifteenth century.
This master comes from an older, Parisian tradition of manuscript illumination that was developed by the master Gilbert de Metz. He was active in the 1460s-1470s and was responsible for the illumination of the clockbooks now preserved in British libraries and also created the miniatures for the books of Valerius Maximus.
