путешествия и открытия
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![[AMUNDSEN, Roald (1872-1928)]](/assets/image/picture_2584966/47288/f8c7c96a9b27759f5604f47a2b6e020c1670972400jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
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Abraham Ortelius (Ortels) was a Brabantian cartographer, geographer, and cosmographer. He is recognized as the creator of the first modern atlas, the Theatrum Orbis Terrarum (Theatre of the World). Along with Gemma Frisius and Gerardus Mercator, Ortelius is generally considered one of the founders of the Netherlandish school of cartography and geography. He was a notable figure of this school in its golden age (approximately 1570s–1670s) and an important geographer of Spain during the age of discovery. The publication of his atlas in 1570 is often considered as the official beginning of the Golden Age of Netherlandish cartography. He was the first person proposing that the continents were joined before drifting to their present positions. Beginning as a map-engraver, in 1547 he entered the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke as an illuminator of maps. In 1560 when travelling with Mercator to Trier, Lorraine, and Poitiers, he seems to have been attracted, largely by Mercator's influence, towards the career of a scientific geographer. In 1564 he published his first map, Typus Orbis Terrarum, an eight-leaved wall map of the world. On 20 May 1570, Gilles Coppens de Diest at Antwerp issued Ortelius's Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, the "first modern atlas" (of 53 maps).
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Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill was a British statesman, soldier and writer who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945, during the Second World War, and again from 1951 to 1955. Apart from two years between 1922 and 1924, he was a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1900 to 1964 and represented a total of five constituencies. Ideologically an economic liberal and imperialist, he was for most of his career a member of the Conservative Party, which he led from 1940 to 1955. He was a member of the Liberal Party from 1904 to 1924.
Qianren Huang was a Chinese cartographer and clerk who worked in the 18th century during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor.
His grandfather, Huang Zongxi (1610-1695), was a famous Qing Chinese polymath, Confucian scholar, cartographer, and father of the Chinese Enlightenment.
Qianren Huang is known for his 1767 revision of the map created by his grandfather Huang Zongxi, the so-called famous "Blue Map" of the world. Continuing the family tradition of outstanding scientific achievements, his grandson pointed out the addition of new territories such as Tibet and Xinjiang on the updated map, emphasizing the continuous strengthening of the Chinese state.
