17th & 18th century
Artemisia Gentileschi was a pioneering Italian painter of the Baroque era, celebrated for her vivid portrayals of dramatic scenes and strong female figures drawn from mythology, allegory, and the Bible. Born in Rome in 1593, Gentileschi broke through the gender barriers of her time to become one of the first women to achieve fame as an artist. Her early exposure to painting came through her father, Orazio Gentileschi, a follower of Caravaggio, whose influence is evident in Artemisia's use of chiaroscuro and realistic, emotional expression.
Gentileschi's artistry is particularly noted for its naturalism and the dynamic use of color, which she employed to convey depth and drama. Among her most renowned works are "Susanna and the Elders" (1610), showcasing her skill in portraying the vulnerability and dignity of its subject, and "Judith Slaying Holofernes" (c. 1614–1620), a vivid depiction of strength and determination, housed in the Uffizi Gallery. These works, along with others like "Judith and Her Maidservant" (1625) in the Detroit Institute of Arts, highlight her unique ability to present female subjects not just as objects of beauty, but as agents of power and action.
The complexity of Gentileschi's life, including her survival of rape by Agostino Tassi and the subsequent trial, has often overshadowed her artistic achievements. However, modern scholarship and exhibitions, such as those at the National Gallery in London, have reevaluated her contributions, positioning her as a significant figure in art history for both her mastery of Baroque painting techniques and her role in challenging the era's gender norms.
For art collectors and experts, Gentileschi's works are emblematic of the Baroque spirit and a testament to the resilience and talent of women artists in a male-dominated field. Her paintings are not only valuable for their aesthetic and historical significance but also for their inspirational narrative of overcoming personal and societal challenges.
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Caelius Aurelianus was a Greco-Roman physician and theorist of medicine, representative of the Methodist school, and author of treatises on medicine.
He is best known for his translation from Greek into Latin of Soranus of Ephesus' lost treatise On Acute and Chronic Diseases. The bilingual and intercultural nature of the text makes it an invaluable contribution to the study of Greco-Roman medicine.
Louis Jérôme Raussin was a French physician and bibliophile who lived in Reims.
Maître François was a French illustrator who worked in Paris in the 1460s-1480s.
The identity of Maître François as an artist is first mentioned in a letter written by Robert Gauguin in 1473. Most of the prestigious commissions from the court and leading ecclesiastical figures of the time were carried out in François' studio. In Paris in the second half of the fifteenth century, one can trace the predominant style of illumination by the works of Master Jean Rolin, Maître François, and Master Jacques de Besançon. Bibliophiles close to the royal court encouraged the work of miniaturists through private commissions. In particular, Jacques d'Armagnac owned six manuscripts of Maitre Francois and his entourage.
Boccaccio's De casibus virorum illustrium was very popular in the 15th century, where the author retells the fates and downfalls of famous personalities from the Bible, antiquity and medieval history, ending with Boccaccio's own contemporaries in 14th-century Florence. For a long time this book was even more famous and successful than Boccaccio's Decameron. The text was translated into French in 1409 for Jean, Duke de Berry, by his secretary Laurent Premieffe. And the illustrations for the book were later created in the workshop of the then respected Maître François.
Aert van der Neer was a Dutch painter of the Gilded Age.
Van der Neer is considered a pioneer of the night landscape because of his successful solutions to lighting issues in his works. He painted many pictures of winter landscapes, including nighttime fires.
