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Napoleon I Bonaparte was a French statesman and military leader, Emperor of France (1804-1815).
Napoleon was born in the family of an ignorant Corsican nobleman, graduated from the Brienne military school, then the Paris military school. In 1785 he began military service in the rank of junior lieutenant of artillery in the Royal Army. From the first days of the Great French Revolution of 1789-1799 Bonaparte joined the political struggle on the island of Corsica, in 1792 in Valence joined the Jacobin Club and actively participated in all the turbulent political and military events.
In November 1799 Napoleon was at the head of a coup d'état: the government of the Directory was deposed, and the French Republic was headed by three consuls, the first of whom was Napoleon. In June 1804 Bonaparte was proclaimed Emperor Napoleon I of France, and in December a lavish coronation ceremony took place. After Italy recognized him as its king, in March 1805 he was also crowned in Milan.
With his rise to power, France entered a period of almost continuous warfare. Napoleon greatly expanded the territory of the empire, made most of the states of Western and Central Europe dependent on France. His brothers became kings: Joseph in Naples, Louis in Holland, and Jerome in Westphalia. In 1812, Napoleon made a campaign against Russia and even reached Moscow, but the Russian troops under the leadership of commander M.I. Kutuzov with the active support of all the people completely defeated the "invincible army". This military campaign was the beginning of the collapse of Napoleon's empire. The entry of the anti-French coalition troops into Paris in March 1814 forced Napoleon I to abdicate (April 6, 1814).
Napoleon retained the title of Emperor and was given possession of the island of Elba in the Mediterranean Sea. However, in March 1815, the deposed emperor at the head of a small detachment suddenly landed in the south of France and three weeks later, without a single shot entered Paris. But the emperor failed to live up to the hopes of the people of France, plus his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo all led to his second abdication. As a result, Napoleon Bonaparte was exiled to the island of St. Helena in the Atlantic Ocean, where he died on May 5, 1821.
The Besançon illuminator was a French miniaturist painter from Besançon who worked in that city in the 1440s-1470s, decorating mainly the Books of Hours.
Francesco Primaticcio was an Italian Mannerist painter, architect and sculptor who spent most of his career in France.
Primaticcio's crowded Mannerist compositions and his long-legged canon of beauty influenced French art for the rest of the century.
Napoleon I Bonaparte was a French statesman and military leader, Emperor of France (1804-1815).
Napoleon was born in the family of an ignorant Corsican nobleman, graduated from the Brienne military school, then the Paris military school. In 1785 he began military service in the rank of junior lieutenant of artillery in the Royal Army. From the first days of the Great French Revolution of 1789-1799 Bonaparte joined the political struggle on the island of Corsica, in 1792 in Valence joined the Jacobin Club and actively participated in all the turbulent political and military events.
In November 1799 Napoleon was at the head of a coup d'état: the government of the Directory was deposed, and the French Republic was headed by three consuls, the first of whom was Napoleon. In June 1804 Bonaparte was proclaimed Emperor Napoleon I of France, and in December a lavish coronation ceremony took place. After Italy recognized him as its king, in March 1805 he was also crowned in Milan.
With his rise to power, France entered a period of almost continuous warfare. Napoleon greatly expanded the territory of the empire, made most of the states of Western and Central Europe dependent on France. His brothers became kings: Joseph in Naples, Louis in Holland, and Jerome in Westphalia. In 1812, Napoleon made a campaign against Russia and even reached Moscow, but the Russian troops under the leadership of commander M.I. Kutuzov with the active support of all the people completely defeated the "invincible army". This military campaign was the beginning of the collapse of Napoleon's empire. The entry of the anti-French coalition troops into Paris in March 1814 forced Napoleon I to abdicate (April 6, 1814).
Napoleon retained the title of Emperor and was given possession of the island of Elba in the Mediterranean Sea. However, in March 1815, the deposed emperor at the head of a small detachment suddenly landed in the south of France and three weeks later, without a single shot entered Paris. But the emperor failed to live up to the hopes of the people of France, plus his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo all led to his second abdication. As a result, Napoleon Bonaparte was exiled to the island of St. Helena in the Atlantic Ocean, where he died on May 5, 1821.
Léon Spilliaert was a Belgian artist. He is known for his unique style of symbolism, with many of his works featuring dream-like landscapes, eerie still lifes, and enigmatic figures.
Spilliaert grew up in a wealthy family, and he initially studied architecture before turning to art. He was largely self-taught, and his work was heavily influenced by the Belgian symbolist movement, as well as the works of artists such as James Ensor and Edvard Munch.
Spilliaert was particularly interested in exploring the mysteries of the human psyche, and many of his works reflect a sense of unease or uncertainty. He often used strong contrasts of light and shadow to create a sense of drama and tension in his works, and his use of color was often muted and subdued.
Despite his success as an artist, Spilliaert was a deeply private individual, and he rarely exhibited his work during his lifetime. He continued to work throughout his life, however, producing a large body of haunting and enigmatic works that continue to captivate audiences today.
Léon Augustin Lhermitte was a French naturalist painter and etcher whose primary subject matter was rural scenes depicting peasants at work.
Jean-Léon Gérôme was a prominent 19th-century French painter, a representative of the academic school of painting. His paintings are notable for their impeccable composition and exquisite colour palette.
Jean-Léon Gérôme did not accept the work of the Impressionists, whom he considered to be the ignominy of French art. This has earned him a controversial reputation as a fierce supporter of academism and a persecutor of new movements.
Léon Spilliaert was a Belgian artist. He is known for his unique style of symbolism, with many of his works featuring dream-like landscapes, eerie still lifes, and enigmatic figures.
Spilliaert grew up in a wealthy family, and he initially studied architecture before turning to art. He was largely self-taught, and his work was heavily influenced by the Belgian symbolist movement, as well as the works of artists such as James Ensor and Edvard Munch.
Spilliaert was particularly interested in exploring the mysteries of the human psyche, and many of his works reflect a sense of unease or uncertainty. He often used strong contrasts of light and shadow to create a sense of drama and tension in his works, and his use of color was often muted and subdued.
Despite his success as an artist, Spilliaert was a deeply private individual, and he rarely exhibited his work during his lifetime. He continued to work throughout his life, however, producing a large body of haunting and enigmatic works that continue to captivate audiences today.
Léon Spilliaert was a Belgian artist. He is known for his unique style of symbolism, with many of his works featuring dream-like landscapes, eerie still lifes, and enigmatic figures.
Spilliaert grew up in a wealthy family, and he initially studied architecture before turning to art. He was largely self-taught, and his work was heavily influenced by the Belgian symbolist movement, as well as the works of artists such as James Ensor and Edvard Munch.
Spilliaert was particularly interested in exploring the mysteries of the human psyche, and many of his works reflect a sense of unease or uncertainty. He often used strong contrasts of light and shadow to create a sense of drama and tension in his works, and his use of color was often muted and subdued.
Despite his success as an artist, Spilliaert was a deeply private individual, and he rarely exhibited his work during his lifetime. He continued to work throughout his life, however, producing a large body of haunting and enigmatic works that continue to captivate audiences today.
Léon Augustin Lhermitte was a French naturalist painter and etcher whose primary subject matter was rural scenes depicting peasants at work.
