fourier
Joseph Fourier, full name Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier, was a French mathematician and physicist and historical Egyptologist.
Fourier famously accompanied Napoleon Bonaparte on his Egyptian expedition in 1798 as a scientific advisor and was appointed secretary of the Institute of Egypt. During the occupation of Egypt, Fourier worked in the French administration, supervised archaeological excavations, and worked to shape the educational system.
But the main thing in Fourier's life was science. Back in France, he studied the mathematical theory of heat conduction, established the partial differential equation governing heat diffusion, and solved it using an infinite series of trigonometric functions. Fourier showed that heat diffusion obeyed simple observable physical constants that could be expressed mathematically. His work The Analytic Theory of Heat (1822) had a great influence on the development of physics and pure mathematics.
Joseph Fourier was a member of the Paris Academy of Sciences, the French Academy, a foreign honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, and a member of the Royal Society of London.
William Shakespeare was a British poet and playwright and writer.
William's father, John Shakespeare, was a merchant and official in Stratford. There are reports that he was a sailor for a time before joining a theater company in London. Beginning in the 1590s, Shakespeare began writing plays, and in 1593 he published a poem, Venus and Adonis, which became popular. He dedicated it to the Duke of Southampton, who was a philanthropist and patron of talent, and soon his business was booming.
From 1592 to 1600 Shakespeare wrote his dramas and romantic comedies "Richard III", "The Taming of the Shrew", "Romeo and Juliet", "A Midsummer Night's Dream" and "The Merchant of Venice", as well as the comedies "Much Ado About Nothing", "Twelfth Night" and the tragedy "Julius Caesar". The playwright's business was so successful that he even bought a large house in Stratford. In 1599, Shakespeare became one of the owners, playwright and actor of the new theater "Globe". In 1603 King James took Shakespeare's troupe under his direct patronage. In the mature period, the great playwright turned to tragedies, there were "Hamlet", "Othello", "King Lear", "Macbeth" and others.
Although in the 19th century researchers had some doubts about the authorship of many of these works, William Shakespeare is considered the greatest English playwright, one of the best playwrights in the world. His plays have been translated into all major languages and to this day form the basis of the world theatrical repertoire, most of them have been screened many times. According to the Guinness Book of Records, Shakespeare remains the world's best-selling playwright, and his plays and poems have sold more than 4 billion copies in the nearly 400 years since his death.
André Breton was a French writer, poet, and anti-fascist, renowned as the principal founder and leading theorist of Surrealism, an influential movement that sought to release the creative potential of the unconscious mind. Born in Tinchebray, France, in 1896, Breton's work was deeply influenced by the theories of Sigmund Freud and was characterized by a fascination with dreams, the irrational, and the workings of the mind. As a cultural icon, his contributions extended beyond literature into the realms of art, sculpture, and painting, making him a pivotal figure in 20th-century artistic movements.
Breton's seminal work, the "Manifesto of Surrealism" (1924), outlined the principles of the movement, advocating for the expression of the subconscious and the importance of dreams as a source of artistic inspiration. His leadership and writings not only shaped Surrealism but also had a lasting impact on the broader culture of art, influencing countless artists, painters, and sculptors. Breton's ability to merge poetry with visual arts led to collaborations with prominent artists like Salvador Dalí, Max Ernst, and Joan Miró, further cementing his legacy as a central figure in modern art.
Notably, André Breton's works and personal collection, which included art pieces and surreal objects, have been displayed in museums and galleries worldwide, showcasing his eclectic taste and profound influence on the art world. His Paris apartment was a gathering place for artists and intellectuals, becoming a hub of Surrealist activity and thought. For collectors and experts in art and antiques, Breton's contributions represent a fascinating intersection of literary prowess and visual creativity, highlighting the enduring relevance of Surrealism.
For those interested in exploring the depths of Surrealism and André Breton's groundbreaking contributions, signing up for updates can provide exclusive access to new product sales and auction events related to this pivotal artist and thinker. This subscription is an invaluable resource for collectors and enthusiasts keen to deepen their understanding of Breton's influence and the broader cultural movements he shaped.
William Shakespeare was a British poet and playwright and writer.
William's father, John Shakespeare, was a merchant and official in Stratford. There are reports that he was a sailor for a time before joining a theater company in London. Beginning in the 1590s, Shakespeare began writing plays, and in 1593 he published a poem, Venus and Adonis, which became popular. He dedicated it to the Duke of Southampton, who was a philanthropist and patron of talent, and soon his business was booming.
From 1592 to 1600 Shakespeare wrote his dramas and romantic comedies "Richard III", "The Taming of the Shrew", "Romeo and Juliet", "A Midsummer Night's Dream" and "The Merchant of Venice", as well as the comedies "Much Ado About Nothing", "Twelfth Night" and the tragedy "Julius Caesar". The playwright's business was so successful that he even bought a large house in Stratford. In 1599, Shakespeare became one of the owners, playwright and actor of the new theater "Globe". In 1603 King James took Shakespeare's troupe under his direct patronage. In the mature period, the great playwright turned to tragedies, there were "Hamlet", "Othello", "King Lear", "Macbeth" and others.
Although in the 19th century researchers had some doubts about the authorship of many of these works, William Shakespeare is considered the greatest English playwright, one of the best playwrights in the world. His plays have been translated into all major languages and to this day form the basis of the world theatrical repertoire, most of them have been screened many times. According to the Guinness Book of Records, Shakespeare remains the world's best-selling playwright, and his plays and poems have sold more than 4 billion copies in the nearly 400 years since his death.
