jan van der venne
Adriaen Pietersz. van de Venne was a Dutch painter, graphic artist, and poet of the Golden Age and a member of the Guild of St. Luke in The Hague. He is known for his paintings of genre scenes, allegories, portraits, and historical scenes. De Venne painted many engravings illustrating genre scenes depicting peasants, old men, vagabonds, madmen, and thieves. These works often illustrate aphorisms and proverbs.
Marcus Tullius Cicero was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, philosopher, and academic skeptic, who tried to uphold optimate principles during the political crises that led to the establishment of the Roman Empire. His extensive writings include treatises on rhetoric, philosophy and politics. He is considered one of Rome's greatest orators and prose stylists. He came from a wealthy municipal family of the Roman equestrian order, and served as consul in 63 BC.
His influence on the Latin language was immense. He wrote more than three-quarters of extant Latin literature that is known to have existed in his lifetime, and it has been said that subsequent prose was either a reaction against or a return to his style, not only in Latin but in European languages up to the 19th century. Cicero introduced into Latin the arguments of the chief schools of Hellenistic philosophy and created a Latin philosophical vocabulary with neologisms such as evidentia, humanitas, qualitas, quantitas, and essentia, distinguishing himself as a translator and philosopher.
Émile Bernard, a French painter, was a significant figure in the Post-Impressionist movement. He is most famously associated with the development of Cloisonnism, a painting style characterized by bold outlines and flat, vivid color planes, and he played a role in Synthetism, a synthesis of forms and colors in art.
Bernard's artistic journey was influenced by his interactions with notable artists such as Paul Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh, and Louis Anquetin. His works, which often explored themes of symbolism and religious imagery, ranged from traditional paintings to engravings and illustrations. One of his notable works, "Madeleine au Bois d'Amour," is displayed at the Musée d'Orsay in Paris.
Despite his early success and influence, Bernard's artistic trajectory took a turn towards classicism later in life, distancing himself from the avant-garde styles he once embraced. His extensive travel experiences, particularly his time in Egypt, significantly impacted his art, leading to a broader range of stylistic elements in his later works.
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