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Nathaniel Hawthorne is an American writer and author.
Hawthorne is a recognized short story writer and a master of allegorical and symbolic narrative. One of the first fiction writers in American literature, he is best known for his works The Scarlet Letter (1850) and The House of Seven Gables (1851). Hawthorne's artistic works are considered part of the American Romantic movement and, in particular, of so-called dark Romanticism, a popular mid-19th-century fascination with the irrational, the demonic, and the grotesque.
Richard Serra was a prominent American sculptor, renowned for his monumental steel sculptures that transform viewers' perceptions of space and environment. Born on November 2, 1938, in San Francisco, California, Serra pursued his education in Art History and Fine Arts at Yale University, where he graduated with a BA and an MFA in 1964. His early career was marked by experimentation with nontraditional materials such as rubber, neon, and lead, reflecting a departure from traditional sculptural forms towards more abstract expressions.
Serra's work is characterized by its engagement with the physical properties of his materials and the spatial dynamics of his installation sites. He is perhaps best known for "Tilted Arc" (1981), a controversial installation in New York City's Federal Plaza, which was eventually removed following public debate over its presence. Despite the controversy, "Tilted Arc" exemplifies Serra's interest in site-specificity and the relationship between artwork, site, and viewer.
Throughout his career, Serra's sculptures have been exhibited globally, with significant works like "Snake" (1994-97) at the Guggenheim Bilbao and "Torqued Ellipse" series, reflecting his ongoing exploration of curvilinear forms and the interaction between space, viewer, and sculpture. His contributions to art have been acknowledged with awards such as the Praemium Imperiale in 1994.
For collectors and experts in art and antiques, Serra's work represents a pivotal shift in contemporary sculpture, emphasizing the materiality and physical engagement of artworks within their environments. To stay updated on exhibitions and auction events related to Richard Serra's influential sculptures, signing up for updates is highly recommended, ensuring enthusiasts are informed about the latest developments and opportunities to engage with his groundbreaking work.
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John Milton Cage Jr. is an American composer, philosopher, poet, musicologist, and artist. Cage is considered one of the leading figures of the post-war avant-garde.
Born in the United States, he studied architecture in Europe, but music and painting seemed more interesting to him and he has achieved impressive success there. John Cage is considered a pioneer of uncertainty in music and the unconventional use of instruments, and is highly regarded for his paintings and prints. In addition, he played a crucial role in the development of modern dance and performance art.
His father John Milton Cage (1886-1964) was an inventor.
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Giacomo Balla was a great painter of the 20th century, representative of the first wave of Italian futurism, one of the most influential masters of the last century.
Giacomo Balla's work is an attempt to convey dynamics, to capture the very essence of movement. His paintings are lyrical, full of light and rhythm.
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Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet was a British astronomer and son of the Uranus discoverer Wilhelm Herschel. He is credited with the first double star and nebula catalogues of the southern starry sky, which he observed during a five-year stay near Cape Town.
Louis Pasteur was a French chemist and the founder of microbiology and vaccination.
Pasteur received a bachelor of arts and sciences from the Royal College of Besançon and a doctorate from the École Normale in Paris, then spent several years as a researcher and teacher at the Lycée de Dijon. In 1848 he became professor of chemistry at the University of Strasbourg, and in the following year began to study the nature of wine fermentation, which began his revolutionary journey of most important scientific discoveries.
He invented a way to kill bacteria by boiling and then cooling the liquid, a process known today as pasteurization. Pasteur discovered the first vaccine in 1879 when he was exposed to a disease called chicken cholera. By accidentally exposing chickens to a weakened form of the culture, he demonstrated that they became resistant to the actual virus. Pasteur subsequently expanded his theory of germs and developed causes and vaccines against anthrax, cholera, tuberculosis, and smallpox, and the success of Pasteur's rabies vaccine in 1885 brought him worldwide fame.
Louis Pasteur's contribution to science, technology and medicine cannot be overemphasized. He pioneered the study of molecular asymmetry; discovered that microorganisms cause fermentation and disease; invented the process of pasteurization; saved the brewing, wine and silk industries in France; developed vaccines against the dreaded diseases anthrax and rabies, which saved millions of lives.
In 1873, Pasteur was elected an associate member of the Academy of Medicine, in 1882 - a member of the French Academy, and in 1888 in Paris was opened the Pasteur Institute. He was also awarded France's highest honor, the Legion of Honor.
