American Realism 19th century


Ernest Leonard Blumenschein is an American painter, member of the Taos Society of Artists. He is known for his paintings of the American Southwest. He studied at the Cincinnati Academy of Art and the Julian Academy.
Ernest Leonard Blumenschein often depicted Native Americans and landscapes of the Southwest in his paintings. He was known for his masterful use of colour and light, and his works had a strong sense of realism. Blumenschein also worked as an illustrator and writer, and his book Navajo War Dance is considered a classic of Native American literature.


William Herbert "Buck" Dunton was an American artist and illustrator born in 1878 and passed away in 1936. He was one of the founding members of the Taos Society of Artists, a collective of artists in New Mexico that was considered one of the most influential art groups in the United States in the early 20th century. Dunton was known for his works dedicated to the life and culture of Native Americans, as well as many Western landscapes. In his paintings, he conveyed the beauty and power of nature, as well as the life of Native Americans in their natural environment. Buck Dunton was a recognized master of his craft, and his works remain popular and sought after in the world of art.


Martin Johnson Heade was an American painter known for his salt marsh landscapes, seascapes, and depictions of tropical birds (such as hummingbirds), as well as lotus blossoms and other still lifes. His painting style and subject matter, while derived from the romanticism of the time, are regarded by art historians as a significant departure from those of his peers.


Winslow Homer was an American landscape painter and printmaker, renowned for his mastery of marine subjects and considered a preeminent figure in 19th-century American art. Born in Boston, Massachusetts in 1836, Homer was largely self-taught, starting his career as a commercial illustrator before venturing into oil painting and watercolors.
Homer's art evolved significantly over his lifetime. During the American Civil War, he worked as a correspondent, creating sketches that conveyed both the immediacy and the human cost of the war. This experience deeply influenced his later work, particularly his powerful oil paintings depicting war and its aftermath. After the war, Homer's focus shifted towards scenes of nature and rural America, reflecting a national nostalgia for simpler times. His works from this period, such as "The Cotton Pickers" and "Snap the Whip," showcase his ability to capture everyday life with poignant realism and emotional depth.
Later in his career, Homer became renowned for his watercolors and seascapes, such as "Breezing Up (A Fair Wind)" and "The Gulf Stream," which are celebrated for their dynamic composition and vivid portrayal of human interaction with nature. His late seascapes, which often depicted the rugged coastlines of Maine, are particularly noted for their dramatic intensity and hint at modernist abstraction, capturing the formidable power and timeless beauty of the sea.
Homer's works are held in high regard and continue to be featured in major museums and galleries, providing inspiration and insight into the American experience of the 19th century.
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Edward Hopper was an American painter renowned for his skill in depicting the solitude of modern life with evocative uses of light and shadow. Born in 1882 in Nyack, New York, Hopper's early exposure to art came from his supportive parents who nurtured his talents. He began formal art studies at the New York School of Art, learning under influential teachers like William Merritt Chase and Robert Henri. Henri, in particular, encouraged his students to paint personal significance into their works.
Hopper’s style, characterized by its emphasis on solitude and the mundane aspects of American life, often featured settings such as diners, gas stations, and apartment interiors. One of his most famous works, Nighthawks, depicts patrons sitting in a brightly lit diner at night, each seemingly lost in their own thoughts—a perfect example of his theme of urban isolation.
Throughout his career, Hopper enjoyed considerable success and influence, culminating in several retrospectives, including a prominent one at the Museum of Modern Art. His approach to depicting light and his stark, realist views on everyday scenes influenced generations of artists and continue to captivate audiences today. His works are pivotal in understanding American realism and are held in high esteem in museums across the United States.
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Thomas Moran was an American painter and printmaker of the Hudson River School in New York whose work often featured the Rocky Mountains. Moran and his family, wife Mary Nimmo Moran and daughter Ruth took residence in New York where he obtained work as an artist. He was a younger brother of the noted marine artist Edward Moran, with whom he shared a studio. A talented illustrator and exquisite colorist, Thomas Moran was hired as an illustrator at Scribner's Monthly. During the late 1860s, he was appointed the chief illustrator for the magazine, a position that helped him launch his career as one of the premier painters of the American landscape, in particular, the American West.
Moran along with Albert Bierstadt, Thomas Hill, and William Keith are sometimes referred to as belonging to the Rocky Mountain School of landscape painters because of all of the Western landscapes made by this group.


Frederic Sackrider Remington, an American artist born in 1861 in Canton, New York, is celebrated for his vivid portrayals of the American West. Specializing in painting, sculpture, and illustration, Remington captured the essence of Western life through dynamic scenes of cowboys, Native Americans, and the U.S. Cavalry, evoking a nostalgic era that was quickly vanishing by the late 19th century.
Remington's early experiences in the West, which included ventures into sheepherding and prospecting, profoundly influenced his artwork. Despite initial business failures and personal setbacks, his first-hand encounters with the rugged landscapes and frontier characters provided authentic material for his art. By the mid-1880s, Remington’s work began to gain recognition, and he quickly established himself as a significant figure in Western art, contributing illustrations to popular magazines like Harper’s Weekly.
In his later years, Remington's style evolved, displaying a notable shift towards impressionism and atmospheric mood in his "Nocturnes" series. These paintings are characterized by a dramatic use of light and shadow to convey the mystery and tension of nighttime in the West. Despite his own critical self-view, these works were highly regarded and marked a significant contribution to American art history. Remington’s art is featured in major collections, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Frederic Remington Art Museum in Ogdensburg, New York, preserving his legacy as an icon of American culture.
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Carl Clemens Moritz Rungius was a leading American wildlife artist. He was born in Germany though he immigrated to the United States and he spent his career painting in the western United States and Canada. Active primarily in the first half of the 20th century, he earned a reputation as the most important big game painter and the first career wildlife artist in North America.
Rungius was an avid sportsman, and spent more time in the wilderness than other artists. By direct observation in nature, he was able to gain an exceptional insight into the animals and their environment. Rungius painted both landscapes and wildlife, often with both into a single picture. He situated animals in their natural environment, a practice that was new to painting in early twentieth century North America. His paintings are highly romanticized, and represent an Eden-like world without any signs of a human impact.
Among other places, his works are featured at the American National Museum of Wildlife Art (which has the largest public collection of Rungius work), the Dutch Rijksmuseum Twenthe, and Calgary's Glenbow Museum. His work was also part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1928 Summer Olympics.


Joseph Henry Sharp was an American artist and one of the founders of the Taos Society of Artists. He painted portraits, landscapes as well as paintings of Native American cultural life.
Joseph Henry Sharp began his career as an artist in the 1880s, working in New York and Paris. His colourful and emotional paintings were characterised by a high degree of realism and detail.