Design is the culmination of actions by an individual or a group of people involving the artistic construction of various products. Design also refers to the result of the process of designing objects or items (for example, aircraft design or book design).
Design plays a significant role in the modern world, especially in industrial production. Designers, in the process of project development, strive not only to create highly functional products but also consider their aesthetic value.
Types of Design
Design is a broad concept that encompasses numerous activities aimed at creating various products depending on their application or purpose. The following are various types of design:
- Architectural. Involves detailed project development of future buildings or structures while considering existing construction regulations.
- Interior. Focuses on creating a comfortable and aesthetically appealing living environment within enclosed spaces.
- Transport. Used for designing comfortable and reliable means of transportation (such as cars, planes, trains, ships).
- Game. Intended for developing unique gameplay (a set of options available to players in various situations, win and lose conditions, difficulty levels).
- Book. Encompasses all aspects of artistic layout, typography, and text editing.
- Landscape. Includes a range of activities aimed at landscaping areas while considering architectural, biological, and cultural aspects.
- Furniture. Combines all activities related to developing furniture items for residential, commercial, and industrial spaces.
- Fashion, footwear, and accessories. Influenced by fashion trends and cultural traditions, it fulfills the important human need to look beautiful and stylish.
- Urban environment. Developed to create a comfortable living environment for residents in large urban areas, focusing on simplicity and safety in their movements on streets and squares.
- Art design. Closely related to interiors and furniture, it helps harmoniously integrate art objects into the surrounding environment.
- Futuristic design. Used for developing bold innovative projects that can be implemented in the future.
- Sound. Involves creating original sound effects, demanded in film production, television, show business, and in creating computer games.
- Light. Applied for implementing creative ideas in the realm of colorful lighting for holidays, festivals, and original art installations.
- Web design. Aims at creating user-friendly interfaces for websites and online applications.
The design development process cannot be characterized as monotonous work. On the contrary, designer-artists are constantly required to create, coming up with and implementing revolutionary ideas in various aspects of human life.
Design History
The history of design is closely tied to the development of industrial production. Even in primitive societies, our distant ancestors considered the functionality and aesthetic properties of basic tools when crafting them.
The word "design" entered everyday use among people in the 16th century, first in Italy and then in the rest of Europe. At that time, it had a different meaning, and the term "disegno intero" referred to the initial sketch of a future work of art or an original idea that arose in the artist's mind.
In the mid-19th century, against the backdrop of rapid industrial growth and increased competition, there arose a need for innovative methods of product development. Industrialists began to pay more attention to designing new models to capture the attention of customers.
At the end of the 19th century in England, the Arts and Crafts movement emerged. Its main inspirations were John Ruskin and William Morris. They opposed faceless industrial production and advocated developing products with consideration for their aesthetic and artistic value. Ruskin and Morris were the first in world history to formulate the fundamental principles of design theory, which would find widespread application in industry in the future.
In the early 20th century, many large enterprises began to employ artists as part of their management. These artists helped company owners develop their own corporate style and participated in the development of new product samples.
In the 1920s, the first schools for teaching design emerged (Vkhutemas in the USSR and Bauhaus in Germany). It was during this time that certified design specialists in various fields of industrial production first appeared.
Starting in the early 1930s, the profession of designer became in demand in the labor markets of capitalist countries. Since then, the demand for skilled professionals in this field has remained consistently high.
In the post-war years, even in socialist countries, the importance of industrial design became evident. The fundamentals of design and artistic activities were included in the curricula of many technical institutions. In the USA and Western Europe, fundamental scientific works by art theorists on design were published, and active discussions on this topic took place, leading to the formation of numerous associations of artist-designers.
Today, almost any new industrial product in all areas of human activity can rightfully be called a designer's object. Designers actively participate in all stages of creating new products, from developing original ideas to evaluating the results of their sales in the market.
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