Stuart Restoration in England

The Stuart Restoration marks the period in 1660 when the monarchy was restored in England, Scotland, and Ireland after the Interregnum, a time of republican rule. This era began with the return of King Charles II from exile, reinstating the monarchy that had been interrupted since the execution of Charles I in 1649​​​​.

This period was notable for the Declaration of Breda, where Charles II promised a general amnesty, except for those decided by Parliament, resulting in the Act of Pardon, Indemnity, and Oblivion in August 1660. This act pardoned most crimes committed during the Civil War and the Interregnum but excluded regicides and a few others, with thirteen being executed​​.

The Restoration also saw significant legal and land ownership changes. Land that had been taken during the Interregnum was a contentious issue, as new owners had purchased it in good faith. Charles II left this matter to Parliament, which surprisingly resolved it with relative ease, only requiring legislation for Crown and Church land​​.

In Scotland, the Restoration was greeted with jubilation. The Rescissory Act of 1661 repealed legislation enacted since 1633, effectively nullifying many changes made during the Interregnum. Scotland's parliament, dominated by royal loyalists, also saw a significant religious shift, replacing Presbyterianism with Episcopalianism​​.

In Ireland, the Restoration brought mixed feelings. While it was initially a time of celebration, symbolized by the public holiday Oak Apple Day, it also led to political and social upheaval as old power structures were dismantled and new ones emerged​​.

For collectors and experts in art, antiques, and history, the Stuart Restoration is a fascinating period, signifying a turning point in British history. To explore more about this era and stay informed about related collections, sales, and auction events, sign up for our updates.