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Johannes Kepler was a German mathematician and astronomer who discovered that the Earth and planets move around the Sun in elliptical orbits.
Kepler created the three fundamental laws of planetary motion. He also did seminal work in optics and geometry, calculated the most accurate astronomical tables, and made many inventions and discoveries in physics on which further scientific discoveries by advanced scientists were based.
William Shakespeare was a British poet and playwright and writer.
William's father, John Shakespeare, was a merchant and official in Stratford. There are reports that he was a sailor for a time before joining a theater company in London. Beginning in the 1590s, Shakespeare began writing plays, and in 1593 he published a poem, Venus and Adonis, which became popular. He dedicated it to the Duke of Southampton, who was a philanthropist and patron of talent, and soon his business was booming.
From 1592 to 1600 Shakespeare wrote his dramas and romantic comedies "Richard III", "The Taming of the Shrew", "Romeo and Juliet", "A Midsummer Night's Dream" and "The Merchant of Venice", as well as the comedies "Much Ado About Nothing", "Twelfth Night" and the tragedy "Julius Caesar". The playwright's business was so successful that he even bought a large house in Stratford. In 1599, Shakespeare became one of the owners, playwright and actor of the new theater "Globe". In 1603 King James took Shakespeare's troupe under his direct patronage. In the mature period, the great playwright turned to tragedies, there were "Hamlet", "Othello", "King Lear", "Macbeth" and others.
Although in the 19th century researchers had some doubts about the authorship of many of these works, William Shakespeare is considered the greatest English playwright, one of the best playwrights in the world. His plays have been translated into all major languages and to this day form the basis of the world theatrical repertoire, most of them have been screened many times. According to the Guinness Book of Records, Shakespeare remains the world's best-selling playwright, and his plays and poems have sold more than 4 billion copies in the nearly 400 years since his death.
James Dewey Watson was an American geneticist and biophysicist who won the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
At the age of 15, Watson enrolled at the University of Chicago, then attended Indiana University, earning advanced degrees. After working at the University of Copenhagen, where he first decided to investigate DNA, he conducted research at the Cavendish Laboratory (1951-53). There, Watson learned the techniques of X-ray diffraction and worked with Francis Crick on the problem of DNA structure.
Their joint discovery was a key factor in allowing Watson and Crick to formulate the molecular model of DNA, a double helix, similar to a spiral staircase. It played a crucial role in discovering the molecular structure of deoxyribonucleic acid, the substance underlying heredity. For this achievement, he was awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, along with Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins.
James Watson subsequently taught at Harvard University (1955-76), where he served as professor of biology. He conducted research on the role of nucleic acids in protein synthesis. In 1965, he published The Molecular Biology of the Gene, which became one of the modern biology textbooks. From 1988 to 1992, Watson directed the Human Genome Project at the National Institutes of Health. James Dewey Watson is an honorary member of numerous universities and academies around the world, he has received dozens of honors and awards, and he has written numerous books.
Francis Harry Compton Crick was a British molecular biologist, biophysicist and neuroscientist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1962.
During World War II he had to work on developments for the military, and in 1947 he turned to biology at the Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge. In 1949 he moved to the University Medical Research Council at Cavendish Laboratories. Using X-ray diffraction studies of DNA by biophysicist Maurice Wilkins (1916-2004) and X-ray diffraction images taken by Rosalind Franklin, biophysicist James Watson and Crick were able to construct a molecular model consistent with the known physical and chemical properties of DNA.
This achievement became a cornerstone of genetics and was regarded as one of the most important discoveries of 20th century biology. In 1962, Francis Crick, along with James Watson and Maurice Wilkins, won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for determining the molecular structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the chemical ultimately responsible for the hereditary control of life functions.
From 1977 until the end of his life, Crick served as professor emeritus at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in San Diego, California, where he conducted research on the neurological basis of consciousness. He also wrote several books. In 1991, Francis Crick received the Order of Merit.
Lyonel Charles Adrian Feininger was an American-German artist renowned for his unique integration of Expressionism, Cubism, and Bauhaus principles. His body of work, which spans several critical decades in modernism's development, is celebrated for its distinctive blend of architectural and nautical motifs, articulated through planar shifts and jagged lines of Cubism, with a vibrant Orphist color palette.
Lyonel Feininger's journey as an artist began in earnest when he was 36, becoming a pivotal figure in various German expressionist groups and a founding member of the Bauhaus, where he led the printmaking workshop. His art, which also includes significant contributions to caricature and photography, explores the intricate relationship between humanity and industrialization, evident in his depictions of architectural and mechanized forms.
His work was subject to Nazi criticism, being labeled as "degenerate," which led to his return to the United States, where he continued to evolve his artistic style. Posthumously, Lyonel Feininger's art has been the focus of several retrospectives, and his pieces, like "Jesuits III," continue to fetch high figures at auctions, underscoring his lasting impact on the art world.
Notably, Lyonel Feininger's "Cathedral" woodcut, representing the Bauhaus's utopian vision, remains one of his most iconic works, symbolizing the integration of art and craftsmanship with its avant-garde yet traditional approach. His legacy is further carried by his sons, Andreas and T. Lux Feininger, who also made their marks in the arts.
For collectors and art and antiques experts, Feininger's work represents a fascinating intersection of various art movements and a testament to the enduring nature of expressive and innovative artistry. To stay updated on new product sales and auction events related to Lyonel Feininger, consider signing up for updates, ensuring you're informed about the latest opportunities to engage with his enduring legacy.
Peter Brüning was an internationally renowned German modernist painter and sculptor. His works of the 1950s can be classified as Informel.
Peter Brüning was an internationally renowned German modernist painter and sculptor. His works of the 1950s can be classified as Informel.
Peter Brüning was an internationally renowned German modernist painter and sculptor. His works of the 1950s can be classified as Informel.
Peter Brüning was an internationally renowned German modernist painter and sculptor. His works of the 1950s can be classified as Informel.
Peter Brüning was an internationally renowned German modernist painter and sculptor. His works of the 1950s can be classified as Informel.
Peter Brüning was an internationally renowned German modernist painter and sculptor. His works of the 1950s can be classified as Informel.
Peter Brüning was an internationally renowned German modernist painter and sculptor. His works of the 1950s can be classified as Informel.
Peter Brüning was an internationally renowned German modernist painter and sculptor. His works of the 1950s can be classified as Informel.
Peter Brüning was an internationally renowned German modernist painter and sculptor. His works of the 1950s can be classified as Informel.
Peter Brüning was an internationally renowned German modernist painter and sculptor. His works of the 1950s can be classified as Informel.
Peter Brüning was an internationally renowned German modernist painter and sculptor. His works of the 1950s can be classified as Informel.