art chrétien
Jules Bastien-Lepage was a French painter closely associated with the beginning of naturalism, an artistic style that emerged from the later phase of the Realist movement.
His most famous work is his landscape-style portrait of Joan of Arc which currently resides at the Metropolitan Museum in New York City.
Hans Bellmer was a German graphic artist, sculptor, photographic artist, illustrator, and writer who spent most of his life in France.
In the 1930s Bellmer began working on the eroticized image of the deformed doll, contrasting it with the aesthetics of the "classical" body in Hitler's Germany. His graphic and literary explorations focus on the dismemberment and liberation of bodies. Bellmer's surrealist works are violent and provocative: they include puppet sculptures composed of the bodies of nude models, photographs, and prints.
In 1934, 18 photographs of dolls were published in the Parisian surrealist magazine Minotaur, and the Nazi regime declared Bellmer's art degenerate. In 1938, Bellmer emigrated to France.
After the end of the war, the artist continued his work, adding poetry to painting. He also authored illustrations for many works, particularly on erotic themes.
Jules Bastien-Lepage was a French painter closely associated with the beginning of naturalism, an artistic style that emerged from the later phase of the Realist movement.
His most famous work is his landscape-style portrait of Joan of Arc which currently resides at the Metropolitan Museum in New York City.
Estienne de la Roche, also known as Estienne de Villefranche, was a French mathematician.
He is known for having taught mathematics in Lyon for 25 years as a professor of mathematics. In 1520 he published the Arismatics, considered at the time the best reference book on algebra.
Etienne-Pierre Ventenat was a French botanist, mycologist and writer.
Etienne-Pierre Ventenat was one of the greatest botanists in France. Empress Josephine Bonaparte hired him to describe and catalog rare plants at her castle of Malmaison. Josephine enlisted eminent botanists such as Claes and Blaikie to collect plants on a grand scale. Ventenat was commissioned to write the text of the work on the Malmaison collection, and the illustrations were created by the talented artist Pierre-Joseph Redoute, nicknamed the "Raphael of Flowers." As a result, a sumptuous book entitled Jardin de la Malmaison (The Garden of Malmaison) was published in 1803.
![[SADE, Donatien Alphonse François, marquis de (1740-1814)]](/assets/image/picture_3566994/47fa5/583c4cf9e8b49f38a40241ca14c22e6f1700607600jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
![[SADE, Donatien Alphonse François, marquis de (1740-1814)]](https://veryimportantlot.com/assets/image/picture_3566994/47fa5/583c4cf9e8b49f38a40241ca14c22e6f1700607600jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
Étienne Martin was a French sculptor and informalist artist.
Étienne Martin is the author of large-scale abstract plastic works and objects. From 1968 to 1983 he was a professor of sculpture at the École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris. He has been a member of the French Academy of Arts since 1971.
Étienne Martin was a French sculptor and informalist artist.
Étienne Martin is the author of large-scale abstract plastic works and objects. From 1968 to 1983 he was a professor of sculpture at the École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris. He has been a member of the French Academy of Arts since 1971.
Pierre-Joseph Redouté was a French artist and botanist of Belgian origin, a royal painter and lithographer.
Redouté traveled extensively from his youth and carefully studied the pictorial art of various masters, but his main interest eventually became botanical illustration. He gained access to the Botanical Gardens in Paris and the botanical library. Over time, the talented Redouté became a very popular and successful painter of flowers and plants, publishing more and more albums.
In the 1790s, Redouté was internationally recognized as one of the most popular floral artists in the world. His depictions of plants are still as fresh as if they had just been painted. His album of watercolor illustrations, The Lilies, is one of the most expensive printed books in history.
Etienne-Pierre Ventenat was a French botanist, mycologist and writer.
Etienne-Pierre Ventenat was one of the greatest botanists in France. Empress Josephine Bonaparte hired him to describe and catalog rare plants at her castle of Malmaison. Josephine enlisted eminent botanists such as Claes and Blaikie to collect plants on a grand scale. Ventenat was commissioned to write the text of the work on the Malmaison collection, and the illustrations were created by the talented artist Pierre-Joseph Redoute, nicknamed the "Raphael of Flowers." As a result, a sumptuous book entitled Jardin de la Malmaison (The Garden of Malmaison) was published in 1803.
![[CAMUS, Albert (1913-1960)] SARTRE, Jean-Paul (1905-1980).](/assets/image/picture_2501455/342ea/b20cd319990dd0235ee6974c2d87ddb81667984400jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
![[CAMUS, Albert (1913-1960)] SARTRE, Jean-Paul (1905-1980).](https://veryimportantlot.com/assets/image/picture_2501455/342ea/b20cd319990dd0235ee6974c2d87ddb81667984400jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
Martin Schongauer was an Alsatian engraver and painter. He was the most important printmaker north of the Alps before Albrecht Dürer, a younger artist who collected his work. Schongauer is the first German painter to be a significant engraver, although he seems to have had the family background and training in goldsmithing which was usual for early engravers.
The bulk of Schongauer's surviving production is 116 engravings, all with his monogram but none dated, which were well known not only in Germany, but also in Italy and even made their way to England and Spain.
![[MARCHAND, Etienne (1755-1793)] and FLEURIEU, Charles Pierre Claret de (1738-1810).](/assets/image/picture_3615476/948e9/5adab94693e4ae36441ca19ea802e8991702422000jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
![[MARCHAND, Etienne (1755-1793)] and FLEURIEU, Charles Pierre Claret de (1738-1810).](https://veryimportantlot.com/assets/image/picture_3615476/948e9/5adab94693e4ae36441ca19ea802e8991702422000jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
Jean-Étienne Liotard was a Swiss painter, art connoisseur and dealer. He is best known for his portraits in pastel, and for the works from his stay in Turkey. A Huguenot of French origin and citizen of the Republic of Geneva, he was born and died in Geneva, but spent most of his career in stays in the capitals of Europe, where his portraits were much in demand. He worked in Rome, Istanbul, Paris, Vienna, London and other cities.
Jules Bastien-Lepage was a French painter closely associated with the beginning of naturalism, an artistic style that emerged from the later phase of the Realist movement.
His most famous work is his landscape-style portrait of Joan of Arc which currently resides at the Metropolitan Museum in New York City.
![EXPÉDITION D'ÉGYPTE [LE PÈRE, Jacques-Marie (1763-1841) et Gratien LE PÈRE (1769-1826)]](/assets/image/picture_4260212/a4ba1/sjjzgn9bhgtpyrvctoiua2rrkb9kfnhzrsxisikusj5ylgnuffmmrf39-g1nespn1729545597jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
![EXPÉDITION D'ÉGYPTE [LE PÈRE, Jacques-Marie (1763-1841) et Gratien LE PÈRE (1769-1826)]](https://veryimportantlot.com/assets/image/picture_4260212/a4ba1/sjjzgn9bhgtpyrvctoiua2rrkb9kfnhzrsxisikusj5ylgnuffmmrf39-g1nespn1729545597jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
Jean Nicolas Arthur Rimbaud was a French poet. He wrote poetry only in his early youth and withdrew after 1873. He was known for his pioneering contributions to Symbolist poetry and his unconventional approach to writing.
Arthur Rimbaud's poetry, written in his teens, challenged the conventional wisdom of poetry and included themes of love, spirituality and exploration of self. His work is characterized by its vivid imagery, strong emotions and innovative use of language.
In his poetry, Rimbaud departed radically from traditional forms and techniques, incorporating surrealist and visionary elements. He sought to push the boundaries of language and experience, often blurring the line between reality and imagination.
Jean-Étienne Liotard was a Swiss painter, art connoisseur and dealer. He is best known for his portraits in pastel, and for the works from his stay in Turkey. A Huguenot of French origin and citizen of the Republic of Geneva, he was born and died in Geneva, but spent most of his career in stays in the capitals of Europe, where his portraits were much in demand. He worked in Rome, Istanbul, Paris, Vienna, London and other cities.
Jacques Sébastien Leclerc, or Le Clerc, known as Leclerc des Gobelins, was a French painter; known for mythological and genre scenes.
![[SADE, Donatien Alphonse François, marquis de (1740-1814)]](/assets/image/picture_2932088/589fa/c5c90c02c46f7432e0f8932b830b43351687420800jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
![[SADE, Donatien Alphonse François, marquis de (1740-1814)]](https://veryimportantlot.com/assets/image/picture_2932088/589fa/c5c90c02c46f7432e0f8932b830b43351687420800jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
Napoleon I Bonaparte was a French statesman and military leader, Emperor of France (1804-1815).
Napoleon was born in the family of an ignorant Corsican nobleman, graduated from the Brienne military school, then the Paris military school. In 1785 he began military service in the rank of junior lieutenant of artillery in the Royal Army. From the first days of the Great French Revolution of 1789-1799 Bonaparte joined the political struggle on the island of Corsica, in 1792 in Valence joined the Jacobin Club and actively participated in all the turbulent political and military events.
In November 1799 Napoleon was at the head of a coup d'état: the government of the Directory was deposed, and the French Republic was headed by three consuls, the first of whom was Napoleon. In June 1804 Bonaparte was proclaimed Emperor Napoleon I of France, and in December a lavish coronation ceremony took place. After Italy recognized him as its king, in March 1805 he was also crowned in Milan.
With his rise to power, France entered a period of almost continuous warfare. Napoleon greatly expanded the territory of the empire, made most of the states of Western and Central Europe dependent on France. His brothers became kings: Joseph in Naples, Louis in Holland, and Jerome in Westphalia. In 1812, Napoleon made a campaign against Russia and even reached Moscow, but the Russian troops under the leadership of commander M.I. Kutuzov with the active support of all the people completely defeated the "invincible army". This military campaign was the beginning of the collapse of Napoleon's empire. The entry of the anti-French coalition troops into Paris in March 1814 forced Napoleon I to abdicate (April 6, 1814).
Napoleon retained the title of Emperor and was given possession of the island of Elba in the Mediterranean Sea. However, in March 1815, the deposed emperor at the head of a small detachment suddenly landed in the south of France and three weeks later, without a single shot entered Paris. But the emperor failed to live up to the hopes of the people of France, plus his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo all led to his second abdication. As a result, Napoleon Bonaparte was exiled to the island of St. Helena in the Atlantic Ocean, where he died on May 5, 1821.
Denis Dodart was a French botanist, naturalist and physician.
Dodart studied at the University of Paris, received a doctorate in medicine and was already in his youth known for his erudition, eloquence and open-mindedness. In 1673 he was elected to the French Academy of Sciences.
He is known for his early studies of plant respiration and growth. Dodart collaborated with the French engraver Nicolas Robert to illustrate his botanical works.