carl andre (1935)
Carl Andre is an American minimalist artist known for his sculptural works made of industrial materials such as metal plates, bricks, and concrete blocks. He was a key figure in the Minimalist art movement of the 1960s and 1970s, which emphasized the use of simplified forms and materials.
In the 1960s, Andre began creating his signature floor sculptures, which consisted of standardized units of metal, wood, or other materials arranged in simple geometric patterns directly on the ground. His work was often controversial, as many critics saw it as overly simplistic or even nihilistic. However, Andre's sculptures were also celebrated for their understated beauty and their ability to challenge traditional notions of art and sculpture.
Throughout his career, Andre has exhibited his work in major museums and galleries around the world. Andre continues to live and work in New York City, where he remains an influential figure in the art world.
Carl Andre is an American minimalist artist known for his sculptural works made of industrial materials such as metal plates, bricks, and concrete blocks. He was a key figure in the Minimalist art movement of the 1960s and 1970s, which emphasized the use of simplified forms and materials.
In the 1960s, Andre began creating his signature floor sculptures, which consisted of standardized units of metal, wood, or other materials arranged in simple geometric patterns directly on the ground. His work was often controversial, as many critics saw it as overly simplistic or even nihilistic. However, Andre's sculptures were also celebrated for their understated beauty and their ability to challenge traditional notions of art and sculpture.
Throughout his career, Andre has exhibited his work in major museums and galleries around the world. Andre continues to live and work in New York City, where he remains an influential figure in the art world.
Carl Andre is an American minimalist artist known for his sculptural works made of industrial materials such as metal plates, bricks, and concrete blocks. He was a key figure in the Minimalist art movement of the 1960s and 1970s, which emphasized the use of simplified forms and materials.
In the 1960s, Andre began creating his signature floor sculptures, which consisted of standardized units of metal, wood, or other materials arranged in simple geometric patterns directly on the ground. His work was often controversial, as many critics saw it as overly simplistic or even nihilistic. However, Andre's sculptures were also celebrated for their understated beauty and their ability to challenge traditional notions of art and sculpture.
Throughout his career, Andre has exhibited his work in major museums and galleries around the world. Andre continues to live and work in New York City, where he remains an influential figure in the art world.
Carl Andre is an American minimalist artist known for his sculptural works made of industrial materials such as metal plates, bricks, and concrete blocks. He was a key figure in the Minimalist art movement of the 1960s and 1970s, which emphasized the use of simplified forms and materials.
In the 1960s, Andre began creating his signature floor sculptures, which consisted of standardized units of metal, wood, or other materials arranged in simple geometric patterns directly on the ground. His work was often controversial, as many critics saw it as overly simplistic or even nihilistic. However, Andre's sculptures were also celebrated for their understated beauty and their ability to challenge traditional notions of art and sculpture.
Throughout his career, Andre has exhibited his work in major museums and galleries around the world. Andre continues to live and work in New York City, where he remains an influential figure in the art world.
Carl Andre is an American minimalist artist known for his sculptural works made of industrial materials such as metal plates, bricks, and concrete blocks. He was a key figure in the Minimalist art movement of the 1960s and 1970s, which emphasized the use of simplified forms and materials.
In the 1960s, Andre began creating his signature floor sculptures, which consisted of standardized units of metal, wood, or other materials arranged in simple geometric patterns directly on the ground. His work was often controversial, as many critics saw it as overly simplistic or even nihilistic. However, Andre's sculptures were also celebrated for their understated beauty and their ability to challenge traditional notions of art and sculpture.
Throughout his career, Andre has exhibited his work in major museums and galleries around the world. Andre continues to live and work in New York City, where he remains an influential figure in the art world.
Carl Andre is an American minimalist artist known for his sculptural works made of industrial materials such as metal plates, bricks, and concrete blocks. He was a key figure in the Minimalist art movement of the 1960s and 1970s, which emphasized the use of simplified forms and materials.
In the 1960s, Andre began creating his signature floor sculptures, which consisted of standardized units of metal, wood, or other materials arranged in simple geometric patterns directly on the ground. His work was often controversial, as many critics saw it as overly simplistic or even nihilistic. However, Andre's sculptures were also celebrated for their understated beauty and their ability to challenge traditional notions of art and sculpture.
Throughout his career, Andre has exhibited his work in major museums and galleries around the world. Andre continues to live and work in New York City, where he remains an influential figure in the art world.
Carl Andre is an American minimalist artist known for his sculptural works made of industrial materials such as metal plates, bricks, and concrete blocks. He was a key figure in the Minimalist art movement of the 1960s and 1970s, which emphasized the use of simplified forms and materials.
In the 1960s, Andre began creating his signature floor sculptures, which consisted of standardized units of metal, wood, or other materials arranged in simple geometric patterns directly on the ground. His work was often controversial, as many critics saw it as overly simplistic or even nihilistic. However, Andre's sculptures were also celebrated for their understated beauty and their ability to challenge traditional notions of art and sculpture.
Throughout his career, Andre has exhibited his work in major museums and galleries around the world. Andre continues to live and work in New York City, where he remains an influential figure in the art world.
Carl Andre is an American minimalist artist known for his sculptural works made of industrial materials such as metal plates, bricks, and concrete blocks. He was a key figure in the Minimalist art movement of the 1960s and 1970s, which emphasized the use of simplified forms and materials.
In the 1960s, Andre began creating his signature floor sculptures, which consisted of standardized units of metal, wood, or other materials arranged in simple geometric patterns directly on the ground. His work was often controversial, as many critics saw it as overly simplistic or even nihilistic. However, Andre's sculptures were also celebrated for their understated beauty and their ability to challenge traditional notions of art and sculpture.
Throughout his career, Andre has exhibited his work in major museums and galleries around the world. Andre continues to live and work in New York City, where he remains an influential figure in the art world.
Carl Andre is an American minimalist artist known for his sculptural works made of industrial materials such as metal plates, bricks, and concrete blocks. He was a key figure in the Minimalist art movement of the 1960s and 1970s, which emphasized the use of simplified forms and materials.
In the 1960s, Andre began creating his signature floor sculptures, which consisted of standardized units of metal, wood, or other materials arranged in simple geometric patterns directly on the ground. His work was often controversial, as many critics saw it as overly simplistic or even nihilistic. However, Andre's sculptures were also celebrated for their understated beauty and their ability to challenge traditional notions of art and sculpture.
Throughout his career, Andre has exhibited his work in major museums and galleries around the world. Andre continues to live and work in New York City, where he remains an influential figure in the art world.
Carl Andre is an American minimalist artist known for his sculptural works made of industrial materials such as metal plates, bricks, and concrete blocks. He was a key figure in the Minimalist art movement of the 1960s and 1970s, which emphasized the use of simplified forms and materials.
In the 1960s, Andre began creating his signature floor sculptures, which consisted of standardized units of metal, wood, or other materials arranged in simple geometric patterns directly on the ground. His work was often controversial, as many critics saw it as overly simplistic or even nihilistic. However, Andre's sculptures were also celebrated for their understated beauty and their ability to challenge traditional notions of art and sculpture.
Throughout his career, Andre has exhibited his work in major museums and galleries around the world. Andre continues to live and work in New York City, where he remains an influential figure in the art world.
Carl Andre is an American minimalist artist known for his sculptural works made of industrial materials such as metal plates, bricks, and concrete blocks. He was a key figure in the Minimalist art movement of the 1960s and 1970s, which emphasized the use of simplified forms and materials.
In the 1960s, Andre began creating his signature floor sculptures, which consisted of standardized units of metal, wood, or other materials arranged in simple geometric patterns directly on the ground. His work was often controversial, as many critics saw it as overly simplistic or even nihilistic. However, Andre's sculptures were also celebrated for their understated beauty and their ability to challenge traditional notions of art and sculpture.
Throughout his career, Andre has exhibited his work in major museums and galleries around the world. Andre continues to live and work in New York City, where he remains an influential figure in the art world.
Carl Andre is an American minimalist artist known for his sculptural works made of industrial materials such as metal plates, bricks, and concrete blocks. He was a key figure in the Minimalist art movement of the 1960s and 1970s, which emphasized the use of simplified forms and materials.
In the 1960s, Andre began creating his signature floor sculptures, which consisted of standardized units of metal, wood, or other materials arranged in simple geometric patterns directly on the ground. His work was often controversial, as many critics saw it as overly simplistic or even nihilistic. However, Andre's sculptures were also celebrated for their understated beauty and their ability to challenge traditional notions of art and sculpture.
Throughout his career, Andre has exhibited his work in major museums and galleries around the world. Andre continues to live and work in New York City, where he remains an influential figure in the art world.
Carl Andre is an American minimalist artist known for his sculptural works made of industrial materials such as metal plates, bricks, and concrete blocks. He was a key figure in the Minimalist art movement of the 1960s and 1970s, which emphasized the use of simplified forms and materials.
In the 1960s, Andre began creating his signature floor sculptures, which consisted of standardized units of metal, wood, or other materials arranged in simple geometric patterns directly on the ground. His work was often controversial, as many critics saw it as overly simplistic or even nihilistic. However, Andre's sculptures were also celebrated for their understated beauty and their ability to challenge traditional notions of art and sculpture.
Throughout his career, Andre has exhibited his work in major museums and galleries around the world. Andre continues to live and work in New York City, where he remains an influential figure in the art world.
Carl Andre is an American minimalist artist known for his sculptural works made of industrial materials such as metal plates, bricks, and concrete blocks. He was a key figure in the Minimalist art movement of the 1960s and 1970s, which emphasized the use of simplified forms and materials.
In the 1960s, Andre began creating his signature floor sculptures, which consisted of standardized units of metal, wood, or other materials arranged in simple geometric patterns directly on the ground. His work was often controversial, as many critics saw it as overly simplistic or even nihilistic. However, Andre's sculptures were also celebrated for their understated beauty and their ability to challenge traditional notions of art and sculpture.
Throughout his career, Andre has exhibited his work in major museums and galleries around the world. Andre continues to live and work in New York City, where he remains an influential figure in the art world.
Carl Andre is an American minimalist artist known for his sculptural works made of industrial materials such as metal plates, bricks, and concrete blocks. He was a key figure in the Minimalist art movement of the 1960s and 1970s, which emphasized the use of simplified forms and materials.
In the 1960s, Andre began creating his signature floor sculptures, which consisted of standardized units of metal, wood, or other materials arranged in simple geometric patterns directly on the ground. His work was often controversial, as many critics saw it as overly simplistic or even nihilistic. However, Andre's sculptures were also celebrated for their understated beauty and their ability to challenge traditional notions of art and sculpture.
Throughout his career, Andre has exhibited his work in major museums and galleries around the world. Andre continues to live and work in New York City, where he remains an influential figure in the art world.
Carl Andre is an American minimalist artist known for his sculptural works made of industrial materials such as metal plates, bricks, and concrete blocks. He was a key figure in the Minimalist art movement of the 1960s and 1970s, which emphasized the use of simplified forms and materials.
In the 1960s, Andre began creating his signature floor sculptures, which consisted of standardized units of metal, wood, or other materials arranged in simple geometric patterns directly on the ground. His work was often controversial, as many critics saw it as overly simplistic or even nihilistic. However, Andre's sculptures were also celebrated for their understated beauty and their ability to challenge traditional notions of art and sculpture.
Throughout his career, Andre has exhibited his work in major museums and galleries around the world. Andre continues to live and work in New York City, where he remains an influential figure in the art world.
Carl Andre is an American minimalist artist known for his sculptural works made of industrial materials such as metal plates, bricks, and concrete blocks. He was a key figure in the Minimalist art movement of the 1960s and 1970s, which emphasized the use of simplified forms and materials.
In the 1960s, Andre began creating his signature floor sculptures, which consisted of standardized units of metal, wood, or other materials arranged in simple geometric patterns directly on the ground. His work was often controversial, as many critics saw it as overly simplistic or even nihilistic. However, Andre's sculptures were also celebrated for their understated beauty and their ability to challenge traditional notions of art and sculpture.
Throughout his career, Andre has exhibited his work in major museums and galleries around the world. Andre continues to live and work in New York City, where he remains an influential figure in the art world.
![[NAPOLEONICA] – Louis-Alexandre BERTHIER (1753-1815)](/assets/image/picture_2932267/1652a/d55b7859dd6900fe098a64a78ff73eed1687420800jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
![[NAPOLEONICA] – Louis-Alexandre BERTHIER (1753-1815)](https://veryimportantlot.com/assets/image/picture_2932267/1652a/d55b7859dd6900fe098a64a78ff73eed1687420800jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
Napoleon I Bonaparte was a French statesman and military leader, Emperor of France (1804-1815).
Napoleon was born in the family of an ignorant Corsican nobleman, graduated from the Brienne military school, then the Paris military school. In 1785 he began military service in the rank of junior lieutenant of artillery in the Royal Army. From the first days of the Great French Revolution of 1789-1799 Bonaparte joined the political struggle on the island of Corsica, in 1792 in Valence joined the Jacobin Club and actively participated in all the turbulent political and military events.
In November 1799 Napoleon was at the head of a coup d'état: the government of the Directory was deposed, and the French Republic was headed by three consuls, the first of whom was Napoleon. In June 1804 Bonaparte was proclaimed Emperor Napoleon I of France, and in December a lavish coronation ceremony took place. After Italy recognized him as its king, in March 1805 he was also crowned in Milan.
With his rise to power, France entered a period of almost continuous warfare. Napoleon greatly expanded the territory of the empire, made most of the states of Western and Central Europe dependent on France. His brothers became kings: Joseph in Naples, Louis in Holland, and Jerome in Westphalia. In 1812, Napoleon made a campaign against Russia and even reached Moscow, but the Russian troops under the leadership of commander M.I. Kutuzov with the active support of all the people completely defeated the "invincible army". This military campaign was the beginning of the collapse of Napoleon's empire. The entry of the anti-French coalition troops into Paris in March 1814 forced Napoleon I to abdicate (April 6, 1814).
Napoleon retained the title of Emperor and was given possession of the island of Elba in the Mediterranean Sea. However, in March 1815, the deposed emperor at the head of a small detachment suddenly landed in the south of France and three weeks later, without a single shot entered Paris. But the emperor failed to live up to the hopes of the people of France, plus his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo all led to his second abdication. As a result, Napoleon Bonaparte was exiled to the island of St. Helena in the Atlantic Ocean, where he died on May 5, 1821.
