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Käthe Münzer, married Käthe Münzer-Neumann was a German painter and caricaturist.
Wilhelm Richard Wagner was a German pioneering composer, conductor and opera reformer.
His first proper Symphony in C major was performed at the Leipzig Gewandhaus concerts in 1833. Wagner lived in a colony of poor German artists and made his living in music journalism. Nevertheless, in 1841 he wrote his first representative opera, The Flying Dutchman, based on the legend of a ship captain doomed to sail forever. In 1842 his Rienzi was triumphantly performed in Dresden, after which Wagner was appointed conductor of the court opera and held this position until 1849.
In 1848-49 Wagner became involved in the German Revolution, wrote a number of articles in support of it, and took an active part in the Dresden Uprising of 1849. When the uprising failed, he was forced to flee Germany. His subsequent years were occupied mainly with writing theoretical treatises on philosophy and music. Wagner held anti-Semitic and Nazi views. And reflecting on the future of music, he predicted the disappearance of opera as an artificial entertainment for the elite and the emergence of a new kind of musical stage work for the people, expressing the self-realization of free humanity. This new work was later called "musical drama."
By 1857 his style had been enriched with new interpretations, and Wagner had composed "Rheingold," "Die Walküre," and two acts of "Siegfried." By 1864, however, unwise financial habits had driven him into debt and ruin, and he was forced to flee from prison to Stuttgart. He was rescued by King Louis II, an ardent admirer of Wagner's work. Under his patronage for six years in Munich, the composer's operas were successfully staged. The King also practically ensured him a trouble-free life, thanks to his support Wagner built his own opera house (Bayreuther Festspielhaus), in which many new constructive ideas were realized. The premiere of "The Ring" and "Parsifal" took place here.
As a result of all Wagner's creative innovations and methods, a new kind of art emerged, the distinctive feature of which was a deep and complex symbolism, operating in three inseparable planes - dramatic, verbal and musical. He had a significant influence on European musical culture, especially on the development of opera and symphonic genres.
Richard Wagner's major works include The Flying Dutchman (1843), Tannhäuser (1845), Lohengrin (1850), Tristan und Isolde (1865), Parsifal (1882), and his great tetralogy, The Ring of the Nibelung (1869-76).
Salvador Dalí, a Spanish Surrealist painter and printmaker, is celebrated for his vivid and imaginative works that delve into subconscious imagery. Born on May 11, 1904, in Figueres, Catalonia, Spain, Dalí's early exposure to Impressionism and Renaissance masters significantly influenced his artistic development. His education in fine arts in Madrid further shaped his style, leading him to experiment with Cubism and avant-garde movements. In the late 1920s, Dalí embraced Surrealism, joining the Surrealist group in 1929 and rapidly becoming one of its most prominent figures.
Dalí's most famous work, "The Persistence of Memory," completed in 1931, epitomizes the Surrealist movement with its iconic melting clocks symbolizing the fluidity of time. His artistic repertoire was diverse, including painting, graphic arts, film, sculpture, design, and photography, often incorporating themes of dreams, the subconscious, sexuality, religion, and science. Despite his remarkable artistic contributions, Dalí's eccentric and flamboyant public persona often overshadowed his work. He faced criticism for his public support of the Francoist regime and the authenticity of some of his late works.
Dalí's legacy is preserved in major museums, notably the Dalí Theatre-Museum in Figueres and the Salvador Dalí Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida. These institutions showcase his extensive and varied body of work, illustrating his profound impact on Surrealism, pop art, and contemporary artists.
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Ernst Fuchs was an Austrian painter, draftsman, printmaker, sculptor, architect, stage designer, composer, poet, and one of the founders of the Vienna School of Fantastic Realism. In 1972, he acquired the derelict Otto Wagner Villa in Hütteldorf, which he restored and transformed. The villa was inaugurated as the Ernst Fuchs Museum in 1988.
