Landscape painters 16th century
Hendrick Avercamp was a seminal Dutch painter during the Dutch Golden Age. He is celebrated as one of the earliest landscape painters of the 17th-century Dutch school, specializing in vibrant winter scenes of the Netherlands. His paintings are filled with colorful and lively depictions of people engaging in various activities against the backdrop of the Dutch winter landscape.
Educated by the Danish-born portrait painter Pieter Isaacsz, Hendrick Avercamp's work reflects a strong influence from the Flemish painting tradition, especially evident in the landscapes reminiscent of Pieter Bruegel the Elder. His technique of aerial perspective, where objects in the foreground are painted with richer colors than those in the distance, creates a remarkable impression of depth in his paintings.
Hendrick Avercamp's most ambitious and acclaimed work, 'Winter Landscape with Ice Skaters', painted around 1608, is a detailed panorama of human and animal activities during a harsh winter. This painting, along with others like 'Winter Landscape with a Frozen River and Figures' and 'Winter Landscape with Skates and People Playing Golf', showcase his knack for narrative, capturing various facets of 17th-century Dutch society enjoying the winter season.
Despite being mute and probably deaf, Hendrick Avercamp's keen observation skills are evident in his works, where he intricately portrays diverse classes engaging in various winter activities. He produced about a hundred paintings, many of which can be seen in the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam and the Mauritshuis in The Hague. His work was also celebrated for its historical quality, providing a glimpse into the life of different societal levels in the Netherlands at that time.
For collectors and enthusiasts of art and antiques, Hendrick Avercamp's paintings offer a fascinating window into the Dutch Golden Age, with their vivid portrayal of life and activities in a winter setting. His works, characterized by meticulous detail and a cheerful narrative, remain an integral part of the conversation in the history of Dutch art.
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Abraham Bloemaert was a Dutch painter, draughtsman, and printmaker from the Golden Age of Dutch painting, one of the founders of the Guild of St. Luke in Utrecht. Bloemart was a caravagist. He painted mainly landscapes, mythological and biblical scenes, and pastoral works.
Hans Bol was a Flemish artist renowned for his miniature paintings and prints. Born in Mechelen, Bol was a pivotal figure in the transition from the world landscape tradition to a more realistic portrayal of nature. His early works as a 'water-verwer' offered affordable wall decorations but were susceptible to copying. This led him to create intricate miniatures on parchment, a medium less easily replicated.
Bol's influence on landscape art in the Low Countries is significant. His realistic landscapes, often featuring biblical scenes or daily life, showed a departure from imaginary landscapes, which was common at the time. This shift was partly due to the influence of Pieter Bruegel the Elder. Bol's completion of the Four Seasons series, initially started by Bruegel, established him as a master of landscape art, blending detailed observation with imaginative elements.
Notably, Bol's works are present in prestigious institutions such as the Metropolitan Museum of Art, where pieces like "The Prodigal Son" and various landscapes reflect his mastery of pen, ink, and wash. His artworks, like the "Landscape with a View of Antwerp," stand testament to his skill in capturing the essence of the Dutch landscape, influencing a generation of Dutch painters.
For collectors, auctioneers, and art connoisseurs, Hans Bol's legacy offers a glimpse into the evolution of landscape painting. His works not only adorned the homes of the affluent during his time but continue to be celebrated for their historical and artistic value.
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Schelte Adamsz Bolswert was a leading Dutch engraver, noted for his works after Rubens and Van Dyck. Both he and his older brother, Boetius à Bolswert, worked in Amsterdam and Haarlem before settling in Antwerp. For the last five years of his life Boetius worked exclusively on engravings after Rubens. Bolswert's plates were worked entirely with the graver, and he does not seem to have made any use of the drypoint. The freedom which this excellent artist handled the graver, the picturesque roughness of etching, which he could imitate without any other assisting instrument, and the ability he possessed of distinguishing the different masses of colours, have always been admired by the conoisseurs".
Paul Bril was a prominent Flemish painter, best known for his significant contributions to landscape painting. Born around 1554 in Antwerp, he later moved to Rome, where he became a central figure in the art scene, influencing the Italian and Northern European landscape painting traditions.
Paul Bril's early works were steeped in the Flemish manner, exhibiting a picturesque arrangement of landscape elements with dramatic contrasts of light and dark. His style evolved during his stay in Rome, influenced by the work of Annibale Carracci and Adam Elsheimer. By around 1605, Bril's compositions became more serene and classical, showcasing calmer transitions from foreground to background and embracing pastoral and mythological themes.
Paul Bril's contributions extended beyond his paintings. He was a respected figure in Rome's art community, becoming the first foreign director of the Accademia di San Luca in 1621. His patrons included some of the most influential families in Rome, and his work was sought after by collectors and fellow artists. Bril's influence was profound, impacting future generations of artists, including the Dutch Italianates and genre painters active in Rome.
His works can be found in prestigious galleries worldwide, illustrating his enduring legacy in the art world. For collectors and art and antiques experts, Paul Bril's work represents a significant period in the evolution of landscape painting, blending Flemish traditions with Italian classicism.
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Pieter Brueghel the Younger was a Flemish artist celebrated for his detailed landscapes, religious themes, proverbs, and vibrant village scenes. Despite being the son of the illustrious Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Brueghel the Younger carved out his own niche in the art world, earning the moniker 'Hell Brueghel' for his dynamic scenes of fires and energetic copies of his father's peasant life portrayals.
Brueghel the Younger's original creations, such as "The Village Lawyer," showcase his keen observation of village life, merging the energy and boldness of 17th-century style with his father's idiom. His work is characterized by its lively, picturesque depiction of peasants, albeit some critics argue they lack the subtlety and humanism of his father's creations. Despite this, Brueghel the Younger's legacy includes a significant number of original works and copies that were rediscovered in the 20th century, highlighting his contribution to the Flemish painting tradition.
His workshop was known for its prolific output, especially in producing copies of Bruegel the Elder's compositions, a testament to the enduring popularity and influence of the Bruegel family's artistic legacy. However, Brueghel the Younger also impressed with his unique compositions, contributing to the genre of still life and village scenes with a distinct style that resonated well into modern times.
For collectors and experts in art and antiques, Pieter Brueghel the Younger's works represent an important period in Flemish art, offering insights into the evolution of genre painting and the detailed portrayal of rural life. His paintings, held in esteemed collections worldwide, continue to be studied and admired for their vibrancy, narrative quality, and historical value.
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Peter Candid was a Flemish painter, tapestry designer, draughtsman and sculptor.
Pieter Candide worked mainly in Italy and Germany. He was an artist at the court of the Medici in Florence and at the Bavarian court of Duke Wilhelm V and his successor Maximilian I in Munich.
His paintings range from historical paintings, portraits, mythological scenes and allegories. He created large altarpiece images as well as complex decorative designs.
Candide's style was characterised by a combination of Italian and Flemish influences, with a particular emphasis on detailed, realistic depictions of the human form.
Jacopo Bassano, known also as Jacopo dal Ponte, was an Italian painter who was born and died in Bassano del Grappa near Venice, and took the village as his surname. Trained in the workshop of his father, Francesco the Elder, and studying under Bonifazio Veronese in Venice, he painted mostly religious paintings including landscape and genre scenes. He often treated biblical themes in the manner of rural genre scenes, portraying people who look like local peasants and depicting animals with real interest. Bassano's pictures were very popular in Venice because of their depiction of animals and nocturnal scenes. His four sons: Francesco Bassano the Younger, Giovanni Battista da Ponte, Leandro Bassano, and Girolamo da Ponte, also became artists and followed him closely in style and subject matter.
Giovanni di Niccolò de Luteri, better known as Dosso Dossi, was an Italian Renaissance painter who belonged to the School of Ferrara, painting in a style mainly influenced by Venetian painting, in particular Giorgione and early Titian.
From 1514 to his death he was court artist to the Este Dukes of Ferrara and of Modena, whose small court valued its reputation as an artistic centre. He often worked with his younger brother Battista Dossi, who had worked under Raphael. He painted many mythological subjects and allegories with a rather dream-like atmospheres, and often striking disharmonies in colour. His portraits also often show rather unusual poses or expressions for works originating in a court.
Joost Cornelisz. Droochsloot was a Dutch painter of the Dutch Golden Age, member of the Guild of St. Luke in Utrecht. He was a versatile painter, painting landscapes, moral allegories, and biblical stories. But he was mainly known for his genre rustic scenes with many participants, these paintings often had a moral component. In his compositions, Drochslot paid much attention to detail and signed them with the monogram "JCODS."
Angelo Falconetto was a Verona artist, draftsman and engraver who lived in the 16th century.
He has many engravings of landscapes and figures. Some are fully signed, others have a monogram that has been erroneously interpreted as being by the 17th century artist Angelo Falcone.
Lucas van Valckenborch was a Flemish painter, mainly known for his landscapes. He also made contributions to portrait painting, and allegorical and market scenes. Court painter to Archduke Matthias, the governor of the Spanish Netherlands in Brussels, he later migrated to Austria and then Germany where he joined members of his extended family of artists who had moved there for religious reasons.
Jacob Grimmer was a Flemish painter who was active during the Late Renaissance. He specialised in landscapes and genre scenes, often depicting the everyday life of peasants.
His style was strongly influenced by Pieter Bruegel the Elder and the works of Leonardo da Vinci and Raphael.
Grimmer's paintings are characterized by detailed, realistic depictions of nature. His landscapes are characterized by wide expanses and intricate detail.
Jacob Grimmer was known for his ability to capture the nuances of human behaviour, so his genre works depict the lives of peasants with a touch of humour and whimsy.
Frans Hogenberg was a Flemish and German painter, engraver, and mapmaker. He is known for portraits and topographical views as well as historical allegories. He also produced scenes of contemporary historical events. Hogenberg was the author of graphic works, engravings of city views and maps of the first four volumes of the six-volume atlas Theatrum Orbis Terrarum (Description and drawings of the most famous cities in the world), published in 1570 by the Flemish geographer Abraham Ortelius. Hogenberg's engravings are an invaluable source of information about urban development in medieval Europe.
Wolfgang Huber was an Austrian and German painter of the first half of the 16th century, a representative of the Northern Renaissance. He is known as a master of landscape, a representative of the Danubian School, who practiced drawing, painting, architecture and wood engraving.
Huber was famous for his landscape pen drawings, which were valuable works of art at the time. In his later works on religious and portrait subjects, the landscape background also played an important role. He created about thirty paintings and also participated in large projects, including a sketch of the Triumphal Arch of Emperor Maximilian I. His main work is considered to be the altar of St. Anne, created for the church in the Feldkirche.
Dirck Jacobsz was a distinguished Dutch Renaissance painter, known for his contributions to the Dutch Golden Age of painting. Born into a lineage of artists, Jacobsz honed his skills under the guidance of his father, Jacob Cornelisz van Oostsanen, before establishing his own reputation in the art world. The influence of Jan van Scorel, a fellow Amsterdam painter, is evident in Jacobsz's Mannerist style, contributing to his unique artistic expression.
Jacobsz's legacy includes notable works that have been celebrated for their historical significance and craftsmanship. Among these, "The Crossbowmen" (1529) stands out as his most important piece, marking a pioneering moment in Dutch history as the first militia portrait. This work, along with his other group portraits of civic guards, showcases Jacobsz's exceptional talent in capturing the essence of his subjects, contributing to the rich tapestry of Dutch Renaissance art.
His artistic journey was deeply rooted in his family's legacy, with both his brother Cornelis and his son Jacob Dircksz continuing the tradition of painting. This continuation of the artistic profession within the family underscores the significance of the Jacobsz lineage in the Dutch art scene. Dirck's work, deeply influenced by his surroundings and the prevailing styles of his time, encapsulates the transition of artistic identity through generations, reflecting both personal and societal narratives.
Dirck Jacobsz's contributions to the world of art are commemorated through his works housed in various museums, including the Amsterdam Museum, which showcases his militia paintings and the portrait of Pompejus Occo. These pieces not only highlight Jacobsz's skill and versatility as a painter but also offer insights into the social and cultural contexts of the Dutch Renaissance.
For collectors and experts in art and antiques, Dirck Jacobsz remains a figure of interest for his historical significance and the quality of his work. To stay informed about new discoveries, sales, and auction events related to Dirck Jacobsz, consider signing up for updates from art galleries and auction houses. This will ensure you have access to the latest information and opportunities to acquire works by this renowned Dutch Renaissance painter.
Herri met de Bles is a Flemish artist, along with Joachim Patinir, one of the founders of European landscape painting. He painted mainly landscapes with multi-figured compositions. Like Patinir, his style is characterized by stylized images of rocks and a careful rendering of aerial perspective.
Joos de Momper the Younger was a Flemish landscape painter active in Antwerp between the late 16th century and the early 17th century. Brueghel's influence is clearly evident in many of de Momper's paintings. His work is situated at the transition from late 16th-century Mannerism to the greater realism in landscape painting that developed in the early 17th century. He achieved considerable success during his lifetime.
Jacopo Palma the Elder, born in 1480, was an illustrious Italian painter whose work left an indelible mark on the Venetian Renaissance. Renowned for his vibrant colors, dramatic compositions, and adept storytelling, Palma the Elder was a master of both religious and secular themes, embodying the splendor of Venice in his canvases.
Known for his profound influence on the development of Venetian painting, Palma's art is celebrated for its dynamic use of light and shadow, a characteristic that would come to define the Venetian style. His ability to infuse scenes with emotional depth and realism drew viewers into his narratives, making his works compelling for both contemporary audiences and modern viewers.
Among his most notable works are his altarpieces, which grace many of Venice's storied churches, showcasing his skill in depicting sacred subjects with reverence and majesty. His portraits and mythological scenes are equally esteemed, housed in some of the world's most prestigious museums and galleries. These pieces not only highlight his technical prowess but also his versatility as an artist.
For collectors and experts in art and antiques, Jacopo Palma the Elder represents a pivotal figure whose contributions to the Renaissance continue to captivate and inspire. His paintings offer a window into the rich cultural and artistic milieu of early 16th-century Venice, making them highly sought after for their beauty and historical significance.
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Vincenzo Rustici was an Italian painter active in Siena. He was known for his religious compositions as well as his vedute showing public celebrations in Siena. Vincenzo Rustici was also a painter of history subjects. He is now mainly known for two canvases depicting respectively the Palio di Siena and the Procession of the Contrade in the Piazza del Campo held on 15 August 1546. These works provide an important record of these public festivities at the time. Rustici created a number of depictions of the Madonna and Child with saints.
Carlo Saraceni was an Italian painter, renowned for his contributions to the Baroque art movement. Born in Venice around 1579, Saraceni spent a significant portion of his career in Rome, where he was deeply influenced by the works of Caravaggio and Elsheimer. His art is celebrated for its vivid naturalism and meticulous detail, reflecting the stylistic transitions of early 17th-century Italian painting.
Saraceni's ability to blend Venetian colorism with Roman naturalism allowed him to create works that resonated with patrons across Europe, securing commissions from prominent ecclesiastical and aristocratic figures. His paintings, such as "Judith and the Head of Holofernes" at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna and "Saint Sebastian" at the Picture Gallery of the Prague Castle, showcase his mastery in depicting biblical and mythological scenes with emotional depth and realism.
Notably, Saraceni's work "The Dormition of the Virgin" was commissioned to replace a rejected painting by Caravaggio, indicating his stature and recognition in the artistic community of Rome. This commission highlights the nuanced differences in interpretation and representation of religious themes that distinguished Saraceni's approach from Caravaggio's.
Throughout his career, Saraceni remained connected to the vibrant artistic scene in Rome, engaging with the broader European context through his international relations. His legacy is preserved in the numerous works held in galleries and museums worldwide, reflecting his enduring influence on the Baroque art movement.
For art collectors and experts, Saraceni's oeuvre represents a pivotal moment in the transition of artistic styles, offering a rich tapestry of themes and techniques that continue to inspire and captivate audiences.
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Roelant Savery was a Flanders-born Dutch Golden Age painter.
Savery primarily painted landscapes in the Flemish tradition of Gillis van Coninxloo, often embellished with many meticulously painted animals and plants, regularly with a mythological or biblical theme as background. He also painted multiple flower still lifes; bouquets in stone niches, sometimes with lizards such as Flowers with Two Lizards, insects or fallen petals and regarded as his best work.
His unique style of painting, related to the then reigning Mannerism, has been highly popular with collectors and can be found in many museums in Europe and North America. His preparatory drawings are also valued highly.
Pietro Sorri was an Italian painter active in Siena. He first studied under Arcangelo Salimbeni and afterwards under Cavaliere Domenico Passignano. Several of his works are in Florence and other cities of Tuscany, particularly at Pisa; he painted landscapes and portraits as well as history. He painted an altarpiece for the church of San Ambrogio in Massa di Carrara.
Pieter Stevens the Younger was a Flemish painter and draughtsman known for his landscapes. He left Flanders to work for the court of Emperor Rudolf II in Prague. The circulation of prints made after a series of romantic Bohemian landscape drawings by Stevens and other artists had an important influence on the development of Flemish and Dutch landscape art in the 17th century.
Hendrik van Cleve III was a Flemish painter, draughtsman and designer of prints. He is known for topographical views, including views of Rome and the Vatican, as well as imaginary landscapes. Traditionally, a large number of depictions of the construction of the Tower of Babel have been attributed to him but most of these are now attributed to anonymous Flemish painters, who are referred to as 'The Hendrik van Cleve III Group'.
Gillis van Coninxloo (now also referred to as Gillis van Coninxloo II but previously referred to as Gillis van Coninxloo III) was a Flemish painter of landscapes who played an important role in the development of Northern landscape art at the turn of the 17th century. He spent the last 20 years of his life abroad, first in Germany and later in the Dutch Republic.
Jacob van der Heyden was a Flemish Baroque painter, sculptor and engraver. According to Houbraken he was a painter from Strasbourg who painted for royalty. According to the RKD he worked in Strasbourg, Frankfurt, and Sweden. and was known for portraits, landscapes and historical allegories. Most of his work that survives today are engravings. He died in Brussels.
Jan van Scorel was a Dutch painter, who played a leading role in introducing aspects of Italian Renaissance painting into Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting. He was one of the early painters of the Romanist style who had spent a number of years in Italy, where he thoroughly absorbed the Italian style of painting.
Adam Willaerts was a Dutch marine painter and one of the founders of the Guild of St. Luke of Utrecht. He is known for his paintings of the Navy of the Republic of the United Provinces. He also painted city, sea, and beach scenes and landscapes.