Paintings — Old Masters and 19th Century Paintings
Lucas Cranach the Elder was a pivotal figure in German Renaissance art. As a leading painter of Saxony, his influence spanned across the 16th century, making significant contributions through his paintings, woodcuts, and engravings. His artistic journey began under the tutelage of his father, Hans Maler, and saw him becoming court painter to the Elector of Saxony, where he produced a vast array of works including altarpieces, court portraits, and notably, portraits of Protestant Reformers.
Cranach's artistry was not confined to any single genre. He was renowned for his portraits of the aristocracy, deeply symbolic religious paintings, and engaging mythological scenes. His ability to capture the essence of the Protestant Reformation, notably through his portraits of Martin Luther, showcases his close connection to the movement and his role as a key figure in conveying its ideals through art.
A significant part of Cranach's legacy is his workshop in Wittenberg, which was a hub of artistic production. This workshop produced numerous works that bore his distinctive winged serpent signature, a mark of quality and innovation in the art of the period. Cranach's workshop was known for its efficient operation, enabling the production of a large volume of works that catered to the high demand of his time.
For collectors and experts in art and antiques, Lucas Cranach the Elder's work represents an intriguing intersection of art, culture, and history. His contributions to Renaissance art and his unique portrayal of religious and mythological themes continue to captivate audiences, making his work highly sought after in the world of art collection.
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Adriaen Brouwer was a Flemish painter active in Flanders and the Dutch Republic in the first half of the 17th century. Brouwer was an important innovator of genre painting through his vivid depictions of peasants, soldiers and other "lower class" individuals engaged in drinking, smoking, card or dice playing, fighting, music making etc. in taverns or rural settings. Brouwer contributed to the development of the genre of tronies, i.e. head or facial studies, which investigate varieties of expression. In his final year he produced a few landscapes of a tragic intensity. Brouwer's work had an important influence on the next generation of Flemish and Dutch genre painters. Although Brouwer produced only a small body of work, Dutch masters Peter Paul Rubens and Rembrandt collected it.
Giovanni Francesco Barbieri, better known as Guercino, was an Italian Baroque painter and draftsman from Cento in the Emilia region, who was active in Rome and Bologna. The vigorous naturalism of his early manner contrasts with the classical equilibrium of his later works. His many drawings are noted for their luminosity and lively style.
Jacob Grimmer was a Flemish painter who was active during the Late Renaissance. He specialised in landscapes and genre scenes, often depicting the everyday life of peasants.
His style was strongly influenced by Pieter Bruegel the Elder and the works of Leonardo da Vinci and Raphael.
Grimmer's paintings are characterized by detailed, realistic depictions of nature. His landscapes are characterized by wide expanses and intricate detail.
Jacob Grimmer was known for his ability to capture the nuances of human behaviour, so his genre works depict the lives of peasants with a touch of humour and whimsy.
Giovanni di Paolo di Grazia was an Italian painter, working primarily in Siena, becoming a prolific painter and illustrator of manuscripts, including Dante's texts. He was one of the most important painters of the 15th century Sienese School. His early works show the influence of earlier Sienese masters, but his later style was more individual, characterized by cold, harsh colours and elongated forms. His style also took on the influence of International Gothic artists such as Gentile da Fabriano. Many of his works have an unusual dreamlike atmosphere, such as the surrealistic Miracle of St. Nicholas of Tolentino painted about 1455 and now housed in the Philadelphia Museum of Art, while his last works, particularly Last Judgment, Heaven, and Hell from about 1465 and Assumption painted in 1475, both at Pinacoteca Nazionale (Siena), are grotesque treatments of their lofty subjects. Giovanni's reputation declined after his death but was revived in the 20th century.
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Jacopo Robusti Tintoretto was an Italian painter, a significant figure in the Venetian school, and one of the most notable artists of the late Renaissance. Born in Venice in 1518, Tintoretto was known for his rapid painting technique and bold brushwork, which both fascinated and sparked debate among his contemporaries. His early aspirations were evident when he was briefly apprenticed to Titian, a relationship that ended abruptly due to a clash of personalities or Titian's possible jealousy of Tintoretto's talent. Despite this setback, Tintoretto's self-driven studies, particularly his admiration for Michelangelo's drawing and Titian's coloring, shaped his artistic development.
Tintoretto's body of work is distinguished by its dramatic gestures and muscular figures, set in dynamic compositions with a masterful use of perspective and lighting, hallmarks of the Mannerist style. His paintings are celebrated for their emotional intensity and theatricality, elements that prefigured the Baroque movement. Among his numerous contributions to art and culture, Tintoretto's work in the Scuola Grande di San Rocco in Venice stands out, showcasing his skill in creating narrative and spiritual depth across a vast series of canvases dedicated to biblical stories and the life of Christ.
Significant works by Tintoretto include "The Last Supper" at San Giorgio Maggiore, which exemplifies his innovative approach to this traditional religious subject, and "The Miracle of the Slave," demonstrating his ability to convey divine intervention with dynamic realism. His legacy extends beyond his death in 1594, with his influence resonating in the works of later artists and contributing to the development of Baroque art.
Tintoretto's dedication to his craft and his unique approach to painting made him a pivotal figure in the transition from the Renaissance to the Baroque period. His works are housed in prestigious museums and galleries worldwide, continuing to inspire and captivate audiences with their intensity and beauty.
For collectors and experts in art and antiques, Tintoretto's oeuvre represents not only a high point of Venetian painting but also a bridge between eras in art history. His innovative techniques and expressive style offer rich insights into the evolving aesthetics of his time.
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Vittore Carpaccio, an illustrious Italian painter, was a master of narrative storytelling and vivid detail, flourishing in Venice between 1465 and 1526. His specialization in religious and historical scenes set him apart, with a particular knack for infusing life and emotion into every brushstroke. Carpaccio's work exemplifies the Venetian School's richness, noted for its deep colors and intricate details that capture the viewer's imagination.
Carpaccio is renowned for his ability to weave intricate narratives through his paintings, often depicting scenes from the lives of saints with both devotion and a keen eye for daily Venetian life. His works are celebrated for their meticulous attention to architectural and costume details, offering a window into the Renaissance period's social and cultural contexts.
Among his known masterpieces, the cycle of paintings dedicated to the legend of Saint Ursula in the Scuola di San Giorgio degli Schiavoni in Venice stands as a testament to his narrative prowess and technical skill. These works, alongside others housed in prestigious galleries worldwide, underscore Carpaccio's significant contribution to the art world, making him a subject of admiration among collectors and art historians alike.
For those fascinated by the splendor of the Renaissance and the beauty of Venetian artistry, Vittore Carpaccio's oeuvre offers a rich tapestry of historical and religious narratives brought to life through his exceptional talent. His legacy continues to inspire and captivate, embodying the essence of one of the most vibrant periods in art history.
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Giovanni di Niccolò de Luteri, better known as Dosso Dossi, was an Italian Renaissance painter who belonged to the School of Ferrara, painting in a style mainly influenced by Venetian painting, in particular Giorgione and early Titian.
From 1514 to his death he was court artist to the Este Dukes of Ferrara and of Modena, whose small court valued its reputation as an artistic centre. He often worked with his younger brother Battista Dossi, who had worked under Raphael. He painted many mythological subjects and allegories with a rather dream-like atmospheres, and often striking disharmonies in colour. His portraits also often show rather unusual poses or expressions for works originating in a court.
Artemisia Gentileschi was a pioneering Italian painter of the Baroque era, celebrated for her vivid portrayals of dramatic scenes and strong female figures drawn from mythology, allegory, and the Bible. Born in Rome in 1593, Gentileschi broke through the gender barriers of her time to become one of the first women to achieve fame as an artist. Her early exposure to painting came through her father, Orazio Gentileschi, a follower of Caravaggio, whose influence is evident in Artemisia's use of chiaroscuro and realistic, emotional expression.
Gentileschi's artistry is particularly noted for its naturalism and the dynamic use of color, which she employed to convey depth and drama. Among her most renowned works are "Susanna and the Elders" (1610), showcasing her skill in portraying the vulnerability and dignity of its subject, and "Judith Slaying Holofernes" (c. 1614–1620), a vivid depiction of strength and determination, housed in the Uffizi Gallery. These works, along with others like "Judith and Her Maidservant" (1625) in the Detroit Institute of Arts, highlight her unique ability to present female subjects not just as objects of beauty, but as agents of power and action.
The complexity of Gentileschi's life, including her survival of rape by Agostino Tassi and the subsequent trial, has often overshadowed her artistic achievements. However, modern scholarship and exhibitions, such as those at the National Gallery in London, have reevaluated her contributions, positioning her as a significant figure in art history for both her mastery of Baroque painting techniques and her role in challenging the era's gender norms.
For art collectors and experts, Gentileschi's works are emblematic of the Baroque spirit and a testament to the resilience and talent of women artists in a male-dominated field. Her paintings are not only valuable for their aesthetic and historical significance but also for their inspirational narrative of overcoming personal and societal challenges.
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Daniele Crespi was an Italian painter and draughtsman. He is regarded as one of the most original artists working in Milan in the 1620s. He broke away from the exaggerated manner of Lombard Mannerism in favour of an early Baroque style, distinguished by clarity of form and content. A prolific history painter, he was also known for his portraits.
Aert van der Neer was a Dutch painter of the Gilded Age.
Van der Neer is considered a pioneer of the night landscape because of his successful solutions to lighting issues in his works. He painted many pictures of winter landscapes, including nighttime fires.
Gerrit Adriaenszoon Berckheyde was a Dutch Golden Age painter, active in Haarlem, Amsterdam, and The Hague, who is best known today for his cityscapes.
Pieter Hermansz. Verelst was a Dutch painter and draftsman of the Golden Age, a member of the Dordrecht and the Hague Guild of St. Luke. He is a pupil of Rembrandt and the progenitor of several generations of painters. His sons were painter-painters Hermann, Simon and Johannes Verelst. The painter created portraits, still lifes and genre works with scenes from Dutch and Italian village life, he also turned to religious themes.
Simon de Vlieger was a maritime painter of the Golden Age of Dutch painting. He is best known for his paintings depicting the naval fleet of the Republic of the United Provinces of Holland. He painted ships in port, on the high seas, during storms, or shipwreck scenes. Flieger also made tapestries, engravings, and stained-glass windows for the Nieuwe Kerk in Amsterdam.
Jan Havickszoon Steen was a Dutch painter of the Golden Age, a member of the Harlem and Leiden Guilds of St. Luke. Steen is one of the most important Dutch genre painters of his time. Most of his several hundred paintings focus on human morality with the aim of teaching the viewer a moral lesson. They often refer to proverbs or old Dutch literary texts. In addition to genre paintings, Sten explored a variety of subjects: he painted historical, mythological and religious scenes, still lifes and landscapes.
Willem Claeszoon Heda was a Dutch Golden Age artist from the city of Haarlem devoted exclusively to the painting of still life. He is known for his innovation of the late breakfast genre of still life painting.