Paintings 15th -18th century — Graphics and paintings
Lucas Cranach the Elder was a pivotal figure in German Renaissance art. As a leading painter of Saxony, his influence spanned across the 16th century, making significant contributions through his paintings, woodcuts, and engravings. His artistic journey began under the tutelage of his father, Hans Maler, and saw him becoming court painter to the Elector of Saxony, where he produced a vast array of works including altarpieces, court portraits, and notably, portraits of Protestant Reformers.
Cranach's artistry was not confined to any single genre. He was renowned for his portraits of the aristocracy, deeply symbolic religious paintings, and engaging mythological scenes. His ability to capture the essence of the Protestant Reformation, notably through his portraits of Martin Luther, showcases his close connection to the movement and his role as a key figure in conveying its ideals through art.
A significant part of Cranach's legacy is his workshop in Wittenberg, which was a hub of artistic production. This workshop produced numerous works that bore his distinctive winged serpent signature, a mark of quality and innovation in the art of the period. Cranach's workshop was known for its efficient operation, enabling the production of a large volume of works that catered to the high demand of his time.
For collectors and experts in art and antiques, Lucas Cranach the Elder's work represents an intriguing intersection of art, culture, and history. His contributions to Renaissance art and his unique portrayal of religious and mythological themes continue to captivate audiences, making his work highly sought after in the world of art collection.
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Albrecht Dürer, born on May 21, 1471 in Nuremberg, Germany, is widely regarded as the greatest German Renaissance painter. His contribution to painting and engraving is quite significant and has left a notable mark on the art world. Dürer's early life was spent in Nuremberg, a city that played a crucial role in his development as an artist and was also the site of his death on April 6, 1528. He was the son of the goldsmith Albrecht Dürer the Elder, from whom he initially learned the basics of drawing and metalworking.
Dürer's work is characterized by a combination of Gothic elements with the emerging Renaissance style, which is evident in his woodcuts and engravings. His oeuvre encompasses many themes, including religious works, altarpieces, portraits, and self-portraits. His outstanding prints, such as The Knight, Death and the Devil (1513), St. Jerome in his Study (1514) and Melencolia I (1514), are known for their intricate detail and artistic skill. Dürer was also one of the earliest European landscape painters, as evidenced by his watercolor paintings.
Equally significant are his theoretical writings on mathematics, perspective, and ideal proportions in art. Dürer was not only an artist but also a keen intellectual, his interests encompassing various aspects of culture and science. He served as court painter to Holy Roman Emperors Maximilian I and Charles V, completing several significant art projects for them. Dürer's keen mind and versatile interests brought him into contact with the most prominent figures of his time, including theologians and scientists of the Reformation era.
Dürer's self-portraits are particularly famous, demonstrating not only his artistic skill but also his self-awareness and personal style. These portraits attest to his growing success and confidence as an artist. Dürer's legacy is immense; he influenced not only the art of his time, but also left an indelible mark on the history of European art.
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Jan Brueghel the Elder, a Flemish painter born in 1568 in Brussels, was a pivotal figure in the Baroque period known for his intricate landscapes, detailed still lifes, and genre scenes. The son of Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Jan was distinguished by his delicate brushwork, earning him the nicknames "Velvet" Brueghel, "Flower" Brueghel, and "Paradise" Brueghel, each reflecting a different aspect of his versatile artistic output. His monikers refer to his skill in rendering fabrics, his specialization in flower still lifes, and his creation of the paradise landscape genre, respectively.
After early training in Brussels, possibly under the guidance of his grandmother Mayken Verhulst, and further studies in Antwerp, Brueghel ventured to Italy, where he worked in Rome under the patronage of Cardinal Ascanio Colonna and met influential artists like Paul Bril. His Italian sojourn greatly influenced his style, especially in landscape painting. Upon returning to Antwerp, he established a flourishing workshop and became a master in the Guild of St. Luke. Brueghel's collaborations with Peter Paul Rubens are among the most celebrated in art history, showcasing a harmonious blend of landscape and figure painting.
Jan Brueghel the Elder's works are prized for their vibrant depiction of nature and meticulous attention to detail. His landscapes are not just backdrops but are lively settings filled with rich narratives and a variety of creatures, reflecting his deep appreciation for the natural world. His flower pieces are equally renowned for their variety and realism, often serving as allegorical or symbolic representations.
Brueghel's legacy extends beyond his paintings; he was a pivotal figure in the Antwerp artistic community, serving as dean of the Guild of St. Luke and court painter to the Archduke Albert of Austria and the Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain. His influence continued through his children, with his son Jan Brueghel the Younger continuing his workshop and maintaining the family's artistic traditions.
For collectors and experts in art and antiques, Jan Brueghel the Elder's works represent a high point in Flemish Baroque art, offering a glimpse into the era's aesthetic values and the artist's profound observation of the world around him. His paintings, found in museums and galleries worldwide, continue to captivate audiences with their beauty and depth.
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Gerard de Lairesse was a Dutch painter, printmaker, and art theorist. Known for his classical approach, de Lairesse's work marked a departure from the Baroque style prevalent in the Dutch Golden Age, leaning instead towards the neoclassicism that would dominate European art in the 18th century. His art and theories were deeply influenced by the ideals of beauty, grace, and moral edification, advocating for the selection of the most perfect manifestations of natural phenomena rather than their random imitation.
De Lairesse was not only a prolific painter but also an influential art theorist. His treatises, "Grondlegginge ter teekenkonst" (1701) and "Het groot schilderboeck" (1707), were seminal works that laid down principles of art and aesthetics that influenced not just his contemporaries but also generations of artists to come. He emphasized the importance of adhering to theoretical knowledge and the study of nature, albeit through a lens that filtered out its imperfections, to achieve ideal beauty in art.
Despite facing personal challenges, including a congenital condition that led to the loss of his sight in his later years, de Lairesse remained a central figure in the artistic and intellectual circles of Amsterdam. His lectures, delivered from his home, attracted a wide array of students and enthusiasts, eager to learn from his extensive knowledge and experience.
Today, works by Gerard de Lairesse can be found in prestigious institutions worldwide, including the Rijksmuseum and the Amsterdam Museum in the Netherlands, the Louvre in Paris, the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, and the National Gallery in London, among others. His legacy as the 'Dutch Poussin' speaks to his enduring influence on the evolution of European art, bridging the gap between the Baroque and the Neoclassical.
For collectors and experts in art and antiques, Gerard de Lairesse represents an intriguing study in the transition of art styles from the Baroque to Neoclassicism. His dedication to the theory and practice of art makes his work a valuable addition to any collection.
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Jan Wildens was a Flemish painter, graphic artist, and draughtsman of the Baroque period, member of the Guild of St. Luke in Antwerp.
Wildens specialized in landscapes and collaborated with Rubens and other leading Flemish painters of his time.
Jan Josephsz. van Goyen was a Dutch landscape painter and draftsman of the Golden Age, a member of the Guild of St. Luke of Leiden, and a representative of the so-called tonal landscape. Van Goyen specialized in landscape painting and left many paintings depicting forest paths, rivers, lakes, and canals. He also painted peasant huts and the outskirts of towns.
Jan van Goin was one of the most prolific painters of the 17th century: some 1,200 paintings he created and some 800 drawings have survived.
Cornelis Gerritsz. Decker was a Dutch landscape painter of the Golden Age of Dutch painting, and a member of the Haarlem Guild of St. Luke.
Decker painted mainly landscapes, often depicting architecture and adding animal and human figures. The artist also created interesting genre scenes from the workshops of ordinary people.
Gaspard Duguet, also known as Gaspard Poussin, was a French painter specialising in landscape painting. He was born into a family of French painters who settled in Rome.
Gaspard Duguet received his artistic training from his uncle, Nicolas Poussin, who was one of the leading Baroque painters. Duguet's early works were strongly influenced by Poussin's style, which emphasized clarity and orderliness of composition.
In the 1650s, Duguet began to develop a style of his own, characterized by his bold brushwork and vibrant use of colour. He became known for his ability to create dramatic and atmospheric landscapes, often depicting scenes from the Roman countryside.
Gaspar Duguet's paintings have a sense of grandeur and monumentality. His landscapes often feature classical ruins and ancient monuments, giving his works a sense of historical depth and resonance.
Adriaen Hendriksz. Verboom was a Dutch painter of the Golden Age. He is known as a landscape painter, draughtsman and printmaker, and also made tiles and engravings.
Nicolaes Pieterszoon Berchem was a highly esteemed and prolific Dutch Golden Age painter of pastoral landscapes, populated with mythological or biblical figures, but also of a number of allegories and genre pieces.
He was a member of the second generation of "Dutch Italianate landscape" painters. These were artists who travelled to Italy, or aspired to, in order to soak up the romanticism of the country, bringing home sketchbooks full of drawings of classical ruins and pastoral imagery. His paintings, of which he produced an immense number, (Hofstede de Groot claimed around 850, although many are misattributed), were in great demand, as were his 80 etchings and 500 drawings. His landscapes, painted in the Italian style of idealized rural scenes, with hills, mountains, cliffs and trees in a golden dawn are sought after. Berchem also painted inspired and attractive human and animal figures (staffage) in works of other artists, like Allaert van Everdingen, Jan Hackaert, Gerrit Dou, Meindert Hobbema and Willem Schellinks.