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Emperor Daoguang, also known by his temple name Emperor Xuanzong of Qing, born Aixing-Gioro Mianning, was the seventh emperor of the Qing Dynasty and the sixth Qing emperor to rule China from 1820 to 1850.
As emperor and head of the country, Daoguang was weak. His 30-year reign was accompanied by internal and external problems, chief among them the First Opium War and the outbreak of the Taiping Rebellion. The country he led also experienced growing economic tensions, sectarian instability, and active foreign interference, which eventually led to the collapse of the Qing dynasty in 1911.
Robert Louis Stevenson, born Robert Lewis Balfour Stevenson, was a Scottish poet and writer, a major exponent of Neo-Romanticism.
He began studying engineering at the University of Edinburgh, but later began to study law. However, he was fascinated by literature, and already during his studies the student printed in periodicals. Stevenson was an avid traveler and also published several books about his travels. In 1881, he began serializing pirate stories, which were formalized into a book, Treasure Island, in 1883. The book became an instant bestseller. Next were adventure novels "Kidnapped" (1886), "The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde" (1886), "The Master of Ballantrae" (1889) and others, as well as many novels and short stories, ballads.
Robert Lewis Stevenson was very sickly from early childhood, and readers would not have guessed that he wrote his most exciting adventures while nearly bedridden. He died at the age of 44 from a cerebral hemorrhage. And Treasure Island remains one of the greatest and most popular adventure novels in the English language. It has been translated, reprinted and screened around the world many times.
Carl Rottmann was a German painter of the first half of the 19th century. He is known as a master of the landscape genre. He became famous for his watercolor and oil paintings as well as his mural paintings of nature in the spirit of Romanticism.
Carl Rottmann comes from a dynasty of Rottmann artists: his father was a painter, and his younger brother continued the dynasty. Rottmann was among the court painters of King Ludwig I of Bavaria, from whom he received commissions to create large-scale landscapes.
Rottmann's best masterpieces are now preserved in museums in Germany, the most extensive collection of his works being held at the Neue Pinakothek in Munich.
Jean-François Raffaëlli was a French realist painter, sculptor, and printmaker who exhibited with the Impressionists. He was also active as an actor and writer.
Antonio Nicolo Gasparo Jacobsen was a Danish-born American maritime artist known as the "Audubon of Steam Vessels".
The public rooms of The Griswold Inn in Essex, Connecticut, the oldest continuously run tavern in the United States, features the largest privately held collection of Jacobsen's paintings.
Jean-François Raffaëlli was a French realist painter, sculptor, and printmaker who exhibited with the Impressionists. He was also active as an actor and writer.
Jean-Baptiste-Claude Odiot was a French jeweller, the most famous head of the jewellery house Odiot, founded in 1695 and still in existence today.
Pierre Loti, real name Louis Marie-Julien Viaud, was a French naval officer and novelist.
At the age of 17 he entered the naval school in Brest, then studied at École navale, the French naval academy. While pursuing a career as an officer in the navy, Louis Viaud began to think about writing. In 1872, he lived in Tahiti for several months and the result was Le Mariage de Loti (The Wedding of Loti), an autobiographical novel that began the fame of the writer Pierre Loti.
During his life he also visited Constantinople, the Holy Land, China, Algeria, British India, and Japan, writing a total of about 40 books. His colonial, mostly sentimental novels of life in exotic countries were very popular in Europe and in the United States, they were staged plays and films. In September 1920, Loti became an honorary citizen of Istanbul. He was also a member of the French Academy, Knight of the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor.
Pierre Loti was also an avid collector, furnishing his Rochefort home in Orientalist and other styles, which today houses a museum of architectural eclecticism.
