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Giovanni (Gio) Ponti was an Italian architect, industrial designer, furniture designer, artist, teacher, writer and publisher.


Le Corbusier, born Charles-Édouard Jeanneret in Switzerland, was a visionary French architect, designer, and writer who profoundly influenced modern architecture and urban planning. His innovative ideas blended functionalism with bold sculptural expressionism, embodying the essence of the International Style of architecture. Notably, Le Corbusier's designs, such as the Villa Savoye and the master plan for Chandigarh, India, are celebrated for their revolutionary approaches to living spaces and urban environments.
Le Corbusier's early life in La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland, where he was immersed in the art and craft of watchmaking, significantly shaped his design principles. His architectural journey began without formal training, starting with his education in decorative arts and leading to significant collaborations across Europe. Le Corbusier's philosophy was deeply rooted in the belief that architecture should improve living conditions, particularly in crowded cities. This belief drove his contributions to the Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne and his development of influential architectural principles, such as the Five Points of Architecture, which are exemplified in Villa Savoye.
Villa Savoye, located in Poissy, France, stands as a testament to Le Corbusier's innovative approach, featuring pilotis (reinforced concrete stilts), a functional roof garden, an open floor plan, horizontal windows, and a free façade design. These elements collectively embody his vision of a "machine for living," integrating the house with its environment and the modern lifestyle. Despite facing issues with structural durability and weather resistance, Villa Savoye remains a pivotal work in architectural history, symbolizing the transition to modern architectural thought.
Le Corbusier's legacy is multifaceted, extending beyond architecture to furniture design and painting, showcasing his broad artistic talents. His work continues to inspire and provoke discussion, reflecting both his groundbreaking contributions to modern architecture and the complexities of his ideologies and methodologies.
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Joao de Souza Freire de Araujo Borges Da Veiga was a Portuguese astronomer and climatologist.
This scientist is one of the authors of the manuscript Dialogo epistolar astronomico sobre o cometa apparecido em Lamego as da Abril e observado aze o dia 9. dao anno de 1766. The second author who signed this manuscript is Joze de Araujo Souza Freire Borges Da Veiga.
It is a Portuguese treatise on the 1766 comet (D/1766 G1 Helfenzrieder), which appeared in April of that year and was discovered on April 1 by Helfenzrieder, and independently by Messier, Cassini de Turi, and others. The treatise gives a detailed account of the observations made by the authors from an observatory located on Mount Queimada near Lamego, Portugal. The authors also provide a chronological catalog of previous observations of comets since 1500 and cite their numerous authors.
The authors of this treatise were the first known climatologists, as well as experienced astronomers in continental Portugal who made meteorological observations.
