feux d&amp
![[LIVRE DE FÊTES]](/assets/image/picture_3566967/3f1ad/e9d0794c6ec1ba831b8b757e89c237401700607600jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
![[LIVRE DE FÊTES]](https://veryimportantlot.com/assets/image/picture_3566967/3f1ad/e9d0794c6ec1ba831b8b757e89c237401700607600jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
Napoleon I Bonaparte was a French statesman and military leader, Emperor of France (1804-1815).
Napoleon was born in the family of an ignorant Corsican nobleman, graduated from the Brienne military school, then the Paris military school. In 1785 he began military service in the rank of junior lieutenant of artillery in the Royal Army. From the first days of the Great French Revolution of 1789-1799 Bonaparte joined the political struggle on the island of Corsica, in 1792 in Valence joined the Jacobin Club and actively participated in all the turbulent political and military events.
In November 1799 Napoleon was at the head of a coup d'état: the government of the Directory was deposed, and the French Republic was headed by three consuls, the first of whom was Napoleon. In June 1804 Bonaparte was proclaimed Emperor Napoleon I of France, and in December a lavish coronation ceremony took place. After Italy recognized him as its king, in March 1805 he was also crowned in Milan.
With his rise to power, France entered a period of almost continuous warfare. Napoleon greatly expanded the territory of the empire, made most of the states of Western and Central Europe dependent on France. His brothers became kings: Joseph in Naples, Louis in Holland, and Jerome in Westphalia. In 1812, Napoleon made a campaign against Russia and even reached Moscow, but the Russian troops under the leadership of commander M.I. Kutuzov with the active support of all the people completely defeated the "invincible army". This military campaign was the beginning of the collapse of Napoleon's empire. The entry of the anti-French coalition troops into Paris in March 1814 forced Napoleon I to abdicate (April 6, 1814).
Napoleon retained the title of Emperor and was given possession of the island of Elba in the Mediterranean Sea. However, in March 1815, the deposed emperor at the head of a small detachment suddenly landed in the south of France and three weeks later, without a single shot entered Paris. But the emperor failed to live up to the hopes of the people of France, plus his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo all led to his second abdication. As a result, Napoleon Bonaparte was exiled to the island of St. Helena in the Atlantic Ocean, where he died on May 5, 1821.
André Breton was a French writer, poet, and anti-fascist, renowned as the principal founder and leading theorist of Surrealism, an influential movement that sought to release the creative potential of the unconscious mind. Born in Tinchebray, France, in 1896, Breton's work was deeply influenced by the theories of Sigmund Freud and was characterized by a fascination with dreams, the irrational, and the workings of the mind. As a cultural icon, his contributions extended beyond literature into the realms of art, sculpture, and painting, making him a pivotal figure in 20th-century artistic movements.
Breton's seminal work, the "Manifesto of Surrealism" (1924), outlined the principles of the movement, advocating for the expression of the subconscious and the importance of dreams as a source of artistic inspiration. His leadership and writings not only shaped Surrealism but also had a lasting impact on the broader culture of art, influencing countless artists, painters, and sculptors. Breton's ability to merge poetry with visual arts led to collaborations with prominent artists like Salvador Dalí, Max Ernst, and Joan Miró, further cementing his legacy as a central figure in modern art.
Notably, André Breton's works and personal collection, which included art pieces and surreal objects, have been displayed in museums and galleries worldwide, showcasing his eclectic taste and profound influence on the art world. His Paris apartment was a gathering place for artists and intellectuals, becoming a hub of Surrealist activity and thought. For collectors and experts in art and antiques, Breton's contributions represent a fascinating intersection of literary prowess and visual creativity, highlighting the enduring relevance of Surrealism.
For those interested in exploring the depths of Surrealism and André Breton's groundbreaking contributions, signing up for updates can provide exclusive access to new product sales and auction events related to this pivotal artist and thinker. This subscription is an invaluable resource for collectors and enthusiasts keen to deepen their understanding of Breton's influence and the broader cultural movements he shaped.
Joan Miró, a celebrated Spanish artist, was a master in painting, sculpture, and ceramics, renowned for his unique style that blurred the lines between Surrealism, Fauvism, and Expressionism. Born in Barcelona to a family of a goldsmith and a watchmaker, Miró grew up immersed in the rich cultural heritage of the Barri Gòtic neighborhood. His artistic journey began with drawing classes at the age of seven and continued at the prestigious La Llotja art academy. Despite an initial venture into the business world, Miró's passion for art prevailed, leading him to abandon his clerical career after a nervous breakdown.
Miró's work is noted for its exploration of the subconscious, often depicting a childlike perspective. This approach was both a critique of traditional painting methods and a means of expressing Catalan pride. His art, challenging to categorize, often featured symbolic elements and nationalistic qualities. One of his notable early works, "The Farm," reflects a transition to a more individual style, blending elements of his Catalan roots with broader artistic influences. This piece, later purchased by Ernest Hemingway, encapsulated the essence of Spain in its imagery.
In Paris, Miró joined the Surrealist movement in 1924, where his work began to reflect the influence of automatism, emphasizing spontaneous, automatic, or subconscious creation. He experimented with various mediums, including painting-poetry and collage, and even ventured into set and costume design for Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes.
During World War II, Miró remained in Spain, and his work from this period, including the 22 Constellations series, reflected an interest in the night, music, and stars. His forms became increasingly abstracted, and he experimented with various techniques, often incorporating primary colors and evocative titles.
Miró's career spanned several decades, during which he continually evolved his style and explored new mediums. His contributions to art were recognized with numerous awards and retrospectives, including a major career retrospective at MoMA in 1941 and the Spanish Gold Medal for Fine Arts in 1980. Among his last major works was a tapestry for the World Trade Center in New York City, created in 1974.
For art collectors and enthusiasts, Joan Miró remains a figure of immense interest, not only for his distinct style and contributions to Surrealism but also for his ability to blend poetic imagery with political commentary. To stay updated on new product sales and auction events related to Joan Miró, sign up for our updates and immerse yourself in the world of this extraordinary artist.
