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![[NAPOLÉON BONAPARTE, EMPEREUR DES FRANÇAIS (1769-1821)] et Joseph-Henri FLACON-ROCHELLE (1781-1834)](https://veryimportantlot.com/assets/image/picture_3601381/567e7/t5thljtyjvssfc78c1kjb8detdr9sa9z6b0dfgoakgbnhjolcihne22zzev91yqf1700205866jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
Napoleon I Bonaparte was a French statesman and military leader, Emperor of France (1804-1815).
Napoleon was born in the family of an ignorant Corsican nobleman, graduated from the Brienne military school, then the Paris military school. In 1785 he began military service in the rank of junior lieutenant of artillery in the Royal Army. From the first days of the Great French Revolution of 1789-1799 Bonaparte joined the political struggle on the island of Corsica, in 1792 in Valence joined the Jacobin Club and actively participated in all the turbulent political and military events.
In November 1799 Napoleon was at the head of a coup d'état: the government of the Directory was deposed, and the French Republic was headed by three consuls, the first of whom was Napoleon. In June 1804 Bonaparte was proclaimed Emperor Napoleon I of France, and in December a lavish coronation ceremony took place. After Italy recognized him as its king, in March 1805 he was also crowned in Milan.
With his rise to power, France entered a period of almost continuous warfare. Napoleon greatly expanded the territory of the empire, made most of the states of Western and Central Europe dependent on France. His brothers became kings: Joseph in Naples, Louis in Holland, and Jerome in Westphalia. In 1812, Napoleon made a campaign against Russia and even reached Moscow, but the Russian troops under the leadership of commander M.I. Kutuzov with the active support of all the people completely defeated the "invincible army". This military campaign was the beginning of the collapse of Napoleon's empire. The entry of the anti-French coalition troops into Paris in March 1814 forced Napoleon I to abdicate (April 6, 1814).
Napoleon retained the title of Emperor and was given possession of the island of Elba in the Mediterranean Sea. However, in March 1815, the deposed emperor at the head of a small detachment suddenly landed in the south of France and three weeks later, without a single shot entered Paris. But the emperor failed to live up to the hopes of the people of France, plus his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo all led to his second abdication. As a result, Napoleon Bonaparte was exiled to the island of St. Helena in the Atlantic Ocean, where he died on May 5, 1821.
Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix was a French Romantic artist, celebrated for revolutionizing the art world with his expressive brushstrokes and masterful use of color. Delacroix's art is characterized by its emotional intensity, vibrant colors, and dramatic themes, often drawing inspiration from historical, literary, and exotic sources. His innovative techniques and passion for expressive content made him a pivotal figure in the transition from the Neoclassical to the Romantic movement, influencing both the Impressionist and Symbolist movements that followed.
Delacroix's fascination with the exotic and the sublime led him to North Africa in 1832, where he captured the spirit and colors of Moroccan life, influencing his later works with themes of orientalism. This trip inspired masterpieces such as "Women of Algiers in their Apartment" (1847-1849), showcasing his ability to blend vivid color with intricate detail to evoke a sense of place and culture. His masterpiece, "Liberty Leading the People" (1830), is emblematic of his political engagement and artistic audacity, capturing the spirit of the 1830 revolution with a realism and fervor that resonated with the public and critics alike.
Delacroix's legacy extends beyond his paintings. As a muralist and lithographer, he left a significant mark on public and private art collections, with works displayed in prestigious institutions like the Louvre. His impact on the art world is seen in his influence on subsequent generations of artists, from the Impressionists' exploration of color and light to the Symbolists' fascination with dreamlike and exotic themes.
For collectors and experts in art and antiques, Delacroix represents not only a high point in Romantic art but also a bridge to modern artistic expressions. His works, housed in museums around the world, continue to inspire and captivate audiences with their intensity and beauty.
If you're passionate about Delacroix's contribution to art and culture, consider subscribing for updates on new product sales and auction events related to this iconic artist. Stay informed on opportunities to add a piece of art history to your collection.
Maurice Utrillo was a French painter, celebrated for his depictions of cityscapes, particularly of the Montmartre district in Paris. His unique approach to painting, characterized by a vivid portrayal of urban landscapes, has captivated art collectors and experts alike. Utrillo's work is notable for its distinct use of color and perspective, offering viewers a glimpse into the picturesque and often serene streets of Montmartre. Despite challenges in his personal life, including struggles with alcoholism, Utrillo's artistry remained undiminished, showcasing his profound connection to the city he often portrayed from memory or postcards, especially in his later years when his health declined.
Utrillo's paintings are a testament to his skill in capturing the essence of Parisian life, with works such as "La Rue Norvins à Montmartre" and "Place du Tertre" highlighting his ability to blend color, light, and architecture into harmonious compositions. His "White Period" is particularly renowned, during which he used white zinc and sometimes plaster to achieve a unique texture and depth in his paintings. This period signifies a pivotal moment in Utrillo's career, marking a departure from Impressionism towards a style that emphasized the structural and geometric aspects of his subjects.
Utrillo's contributions to art extend beyond his innovative techniques and stylistic evolution. His life story, marked by periods of intense struggle and creativity, adds a layer of depth to his works, inviting viewers to explore not only the streets of Montmartre but also the complex landscape of the artist's inner world. His paintings, many of which are now housed in prestigious museums and galleries, continue to attract admiration from around the globe.
For collectors and experts in art and antiques, Maurice Utrillo's works offer a unique investment in the beauty and history of Parisian culture. His ability to capture the spirit of Montmartre, combined with his innovative use of materials and color, makes his paintings a valuable addition to any collection.
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Niki de Saint Phalle was a French-American sculptor, painter, filmmaker, and author of colorful hand-illustrated books. Widely noted as one of the few female monumental sculptors, Saint Phalle was also known for her social commitment and work.
Jean Maurice Eugène Clément Cocteau was a French poet, playwright, novelist, designer, filmmaker, visual artist and critic. He was one of the foremost creatives of the surrealist, avant-garde, and Dadaist movements; and one of the most influential figures in early 20th-century art as a whole. The National Observer suggested that, “of the artistic generation whose daring gave birth to Twentieth Century Art, Cocteau came closest to being a Renaissance man.”
Jean Tinguely, a Swiss sculptor born in Fribourg, Switzerland, in 1925, carved a unique niche in art history with his kinetic sculptures, integrating movement and self-destruction into his works. Notably, his pieces extend the Dada tradition into the latter part of the 20th century, satirizing automation and the technological overproduction of material goods. Tinguely's innovative approach is exemplified in his Metamatic drawing machines, allowing viewers to create abstract images automatically, and his spectacular self-destroying sculpture "Homage to New York" at MoMA in 1960, showcasing his flair for blending performance and art.
His artistry evolved through collaboration with other artists, including his wife Niki de Saint Phalle, leading to vibrant, large-scale projects like the colorful "Stravinsky Fountain" near the Centre Pompidou in Paris. Tinguely's works, characterized by their use of scrap metal and mechanical parts, not only challenge the conventional boundaries of art but also engage with themes of destruction, renewal, and the intersection of art and life. His significant contributions to kinetic art and his involvement with the Nouveau Réalisme group highlight his pioneering role in post-war European art.
Tinguely's legacy is preserved in the Museum Tinguely in Basel, dedicated to his life and work, ensuring his innovative spirit continues to inspire. His works, such as "Méta-Harmonie" and the "Carnival Fountain" in Basel, remain influential, blending artistic exploration with mechanical invention.
For art collectors and experts, Tinguely's creations represent not only significant artistic achievements but also compelling investments, as his works continue to command high prices at auctions, reflecting their enduring appeal and historical importance.
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