ethnographic
Charles Cordier, full name Charles Henri Joseph Cordier, was a French painter and innovative sculptor.
Charles Cordier studied in Paris at the École des Beaux-Arts and during his studies met a black sitter, a former slave, this meeting and predetermined his future creative life. In 1848, when slavery was officially abolished in all French colonies, Cordier exhibited his first plaster bust of a Sudanese man and received his first success.
For fifteen years, from 1851 to 1866, Cordier was the official sculptor of the Musée National d'Histoire Historique in Paris, creating a series of busts for the ethnographic gallery. Collecting images and types of various ethnic groups, the artist traveled extensively throughout Italy, Greece, Egypt, and Algeria, as well as France itself. Cordier's works are notable for their striking naturalism, and he also made spectacular use of the colors of various materials - marble of different shades, onyx and bronze, silvering and enamel.
Cordier openly defended the advanced for that time the idea of equality of all races. "Each race," he declared, "has its own special type of beauty. The most beautiful black man is not at all the one who looks more like a white man than anyone else."
Cordier also worked on the sculptural decoration of the Paris Opera House, the Louvre, and the Paris Town Hall. His son was the sculptor Henri Louis Cordier.
Charles Cordier, full name Charles Henri Joseph Cordier, was a French painter and innovative sculptor.
Charles Cordier studied in Paris at the École des Beaux-Arts and during his studies met a black sitter, a former slave, this meeting and predetermined his future creative life. In 1848, when slavery was officially abolished in all French colonies, Cordier exhibited his first plaster bust of a Sudanese man and received his first success.
For fifteen years, from 1851 to 1866, Cordier was the official sculptor of the Musée National d'Histoire Historique in Paris, creating a series of busts for the ethnographic gallery. Collecting images and types of various ethnic groups, the artist traveled extensively throughout Italy, Greece, Egypt, and Algeria, as well as France itself. Cordier's works are notable for their striking naturalism, and he also made spectacular use of the colors of various materials - marble of different shades, onyx and bronze, silvering and enamel.
Cordier openly defended the advanced for that time the idea of equality of all races. "Each race," he declared, "has its own special type of beauty. The most beautiful black man is not at all the one who looks more like a white man than anyone else."
Cordier also worked on the sculptural decoration of the Paris Opera House, the Louvre, and the Paris Town Hall. His son was the sculptor Henri Louis Cordier.
Pelayo Hipólito Fernández was a Spanish traveler and naturalist.
Fernández did extensive collecting work on the islands of Mindanao, Luzon, the Mariana Islands, and others. He founded a private zoological museum in Manila, which was incorporated into the National Museum of Natural Sciences.
In 1887, the Spanish Crown organized an exhibition to present the biodiversity of the Philippines to the Spanish public. For this exhibition, Fernández provided some 2,300 specimens of animals found in the islands, including 106 shells, among which were several type specimens. He also included ethnographic items in the exhibit, including the skulls of two outlaws.
