the lost generation
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Jacint Rigau-Ros i Serra, known in French as Hyacinthe Rigaud, was a Catalan-French baroque painter most famous for his portraits of Louis XIV and other members of the French nobility.
William Shakespeare was a British poet and playwright and writer.
William's father, John Shakespeare, was a merchant and official in Stratford. There are reports that he was a sailor for a time before joining a theater company in London. Beginning in the 1590s, Shakespeare began writing plays, and in 1593 he published a poem, Venus and Adonis, which became popular. He dedicated it to the Duke of Southampton, who was a philanthropist and patron of talent, and soon his business was booming.
From 1592 to 1600 Shakespeare wrote his dramas and romantic comedies "Richard III", "The Taming of the Shrew", "Romeo and Juliet", "A Midsummer Night's Dream" and "The Merchant of Venice", as well as the comedies "Much Ado About Nothing", "Twelfth Night" and the tragedy "Julius Caesar". The playwright's business was so successful that he even bought a large house in Stratford. In 1599, Shakespeare became one of the owners, playwright and actor of the new theater "Globe". In 1603 King James took Shakespeare's troupe under his direct patronage. In the mature period, the great playwright turned to tragedies, there were "Hamlet", "Othello", "King Lear", "Macbeth" and others.
Although in the 19th century researchers had some doubts about the authorship of many of these works, William Shakespeare is considered the greatest English playwright, one of the best playwrights in the world. His plays have been translated into all major languages and to this day form the basis of the world theatrical repertoire, most of them have been screened many times. According to the Guinness Book of Records, Shakespeare remains the world's best-selling playwright, and his plays and poems have sold more than 4 billion copies in the nearly 400 years since his death.
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John Adams was an American statesman and politician and the second President of the United States (1797-1801).
The Adamses were among the first Puritan settlers in New England, and John's father was a farmer and shoemaker. John Adams graduated from Harvard College, taught grammar school in Worcester, Massachusetts, and then practiced law in Boston. In 1764, Adams married Abigail Smith, a minister's daughter, who became his confidante and lifelong political partner.
In 1765, Adams wrote "A Dissertation on Canon Law and Feudal Law," where he justified his opposition to British interference in the colonies. In the summer of 1774, Adams was elected to the Massachusetts delegation to the First Continental Congress, in which he became a major figure. He wrote Thoughts on Government as a basic guide to drafting new state constitutions. In July 1776, John Adams drafted the Plan of Treaties, which became the basis for the treaty with France and set the strategic priorities that would shape American foreign policy over the next century.
He was elected to the post of head of the War Council, in 1780 he became the author of the Massachusetts Constitution, which became a model for other states, in 1783 he signed the Treaty of Paris. From 1785 to 1788 John Adams served as the first American ambassador to Great Britain and proved himself worthy in this difficult situation, being the official embodiment of American independence from the British Empire. He studied European history extensively and the result was his three-volume book entitled A Defense of the Constitution of the Government of the United States of America (1787).
In 1789 Adams became the country's first vice president (Washington was the first president of the United States), and in 1797 he was elected the second president of the United States. However, his reign was not the best in the history of the new country. Deteriorating relations with France led to an undeclared naval war between the former allies. In 1798, Adams signed the controversial Alien and Sedition Acts, which restricted free speech rights. They met widespread opposition across the country. Adams resisted opposition demands for all-out war with France, but lost the 1800 election to Thomas Jefferson.
John Adams retired from politics and settled in his hometown of Quincy. He became the founder of an entire dynasty of politicians and died on July 4, 1826 (the 50th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence), living to see his eldest son John Quincy elected as the sixth president.
Willi Robert Huth was a German expressionist painter. He studied at the School of Arts and Crafts in Erfurt and Düsseldorf. During the First World War, he served as a soldier. In 1919 he began independent activities in Berlin as an artist. In the same year he joined the expressionist group Jung Erfurt.
With the onset of the Nazi regime, Huth was suppressed as an artist. Later he was even banned from holding exhibitions. Three of his works were confiscated during the "degenerate art movement." In 1944 his studio in Berlin was bombed and all his works were destroyed.
After the war Willy Robert Huth became a drawing teacher and then professor at the Academy of Applied Arts in Berlin.
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Ernst Heinrich Barlach was a German expressionist sculptor, medallist, printmaker and writer. Although he was a supporter of the war in the years leading to World War I, his participation in the war made him change his position, and he is mostly known for his sculptures protesting against the war. This created many conflicts during the rise of the Nazi Party, when most of his works were confiscated as degenerate art. Stylistically, his literary and artistic work would fall between the categories of twentieth-century Realism and Expressionism.
Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist, widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest and most influential physicists of all time. Einstein is best known for developing the theory of relativity, but he also made important contributions to the development of the theory of quantum mechanics. Relativity and quantum mechanics are together the two pillars of modern physics. His mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2, which arises from relativity theory, has been dubbed "the world's most famous equation". His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science. He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect", a pivotal step in the development of quantum theory. His intellectual achievements and originality resulted in "Einstein" becoming synonymous with "genius".
Aristide Maillol was a French artist. He was a painter, sculptor, and printmaker, and is best known for his sculptural works.
Maillol initially worked as a painter, but after seeing Auguste Rodin's sculptures in the early 1890s, he turned to sculpture himself. His early sculptures were influenced by the classical tradition, and often depicted female figures in a simplified, stylized form.
Maillol's sculptures are characterized by their smooth surfaces and simplified forms, which reflect his interest in the pure and timeless beauty of the human body. He often worked in bronze, and his sculptures were typically larger than life size.
In addition to his sculptures, Maillol also created prints, including lithographs and woodcuts. His prints were often based on his sculptural works, and reflected his interest in simplifying form and line.
Maillol continued to work and exhibit his art throughout his life, and his work was shown in galleries and museums around the world. Today, his sculptures are held in the collections of many prestigious institutions, including the Musée d'Orsay in Paris, the Museum of Modern Art in New York, and the Tate Gallery in London.
Willi Robert Huth was a German expressionist painter. He studied at the School of Arts and Crafts in Erfurt and Düsseldorf. During the First World War, he served as a soldier. In 1919 he began independent activities in Berlin as an artist. In the same year he joined the expressionist group Jung Erfurt.
With the onset of the Nazi regime, Huth was suppressed as an artist. Later he was even banned from holding exhibitions. Three of his works were confiscated during the "degenerate art movement." In 1944 his studio in Berlin was bombed and all his works were destroyed.
After the war Willy Robert Huth became a drawing teacher and then professor at the Academy of Applied Arts in Berlin.
Alexander Max Koester was a German painter. He depicted coastal landscapes and still lifes with flowers. After the artist first presented one of his landscapes with a family of ducks in Berlin in 1899, he earned the nickname "Duck Koester." The "duck" paintings were extremely popular with art lovers.
Heinrich Siepmann was a painter and belonged to the second generation of Constructivism.
Willem Koekkoek was a Dutch painter of the urban landscape.
Following in the family tradition, his father gave all four brothers their first art lessons. Willem also received training as an architect, but practiced that profession for only a short time. It did, however, leave a lasting influence on his choice of subject matter.
