Livres rares et Manuscrits
Jan (Joan) Willemsz. Blaeu was a Dutch cartographer, publisher and judge.
Jan was born into the family of the cartographer and publisher Willem Janszoon Blaeu (1571-1638). He studied in Leiden, where he earned a doctorate in law, and in Padua. He then began to assist his father, who was engaged in the manufacture of globes and maps. After his father's death, Jan, together with his brother Cornelius, continued his work, and succeeded him as cartographer for the Dutch East India Company.
In 1651 Blaeu was elected to the Amsterdam city council and later appointed as a judge. At the same time, he was engaged in his publishing business: he continued to publish volumes of Atlas novus, which contained maps of English counties and, for the first time, an atlas of Scotland, as well as one volume of maps of the Far East.
Blaeu did not have time to complete his most ambitious project, but it made him famous as the author of the famous 11-volume Dutch atlas. Based on his previous maps, Blaeu created the Great Atlas (Atlas Maior) - it contained nearly 600 maps and a total of 3,000 pages of Latin text - and was published in 1662. Blaeu's maps were groundbreaking for their time because they were created in accordance with the heliocentric theories of Nicolaus Copernicus.
In 1672, a great fire in Amsterdam destroyed Blaeu's workshop, and the cartographer died a year later, apparently never recovering from this stroke of fate.
Jacques Callot was a baroque printmaker and draftsman from the Duchy of Lorraine (an independent state on the north-eastern border of France, southwestern border of Germany and overlapping the southern Netherlands). He is an important person in the development of the old master print. He made more than 1,400 etchings that chronicled the life of his period, featuring soldiers, clowns, drunkards, Gypsies, beggars, as well as court life. He also etched many religious and military images, and many prints featured extensive landscapes in their background.
![[CHRONIQUES DE SAINT-DENIS]](/assets/image/picture_2931987/6c957/619ef91f24f3a9a6e31a1fb9c16b62ad1687420800jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
![[CHRONIQUES DE SAINT-DENIS]](https://veryimportantlot.com/assets/image/picture_2931987/6c957/619ef91f24f3a9a6e31a1fb9c16b62ad1687420800jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
![[CONSTITUTION FRANÇAISE]](/assets/image/picture_2931993/54dbc/5479a4e59ee3af9cc9f1b316e694e87b1687420800jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
![[CONSTITUTION FRANÇAISE]](https://veryimportantlot.com/assets/image/picture_2931993/54dbc/5479a4e59ee3af9cc9f1b316e694e87b1687420800jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
![[CURIOSA] Abbé de FAVRE](/assets/image/picture_2932002/6dcd2/50a8b4ee528ea286f80d80da9e390f1a1687420800jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
![[CURIOSA] Abbé de FAVRE](https://veryimportantlot.com/assets/image/picture_2932002/6dcd2/50a8b4ee528ea286f80d80da9e390f1a1687420800jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
![CURIOSA - [André-Robert Andréa de NERCIAT (1739-1800)]](/assets/image/picture_2932004/b2f94/4266058edd6598e933e409b4da482c7c1687420800jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
![CURIOSA - [André-Robert Andréa de NERCIAT (1739-1800)]](https://veryimportantlot.com/assets/image/picture_2932004/b2f94/4266058edd6598e933e409b4da482c7c1687420800jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
![[LA SALE, Antoine de (circa 1386-1462), attribué à] et Romeyn de HOOGHE (1645-1708)](/assets/image/picture_2932045/be405/fc69385dc1b0fe51b3a02e03a99baf3a1687420800jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
![[LA SALE, Antoine de (circa 1386-1462), attribué à] et Romeyn de HOOGHE (1645-1708)](https://veryimportantlot.com/assets/image/picture_2932045/be405/fc69385dc1b0fe51b3a02e03a99baf3a1687420800jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
![[LÉPICIÉ, Nicolas-Bernard (1735-1784) – Charles MONNET (1732-1808)].](/assets/image/picture_2932046/30b39/4011536f6fe9714f665693807fd06f111687420800jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
![[LÉPICIÉ, Nicolas-Bernard (1735-1784) – Charles MONNET (1732-1808)].](https://veryimportantlot.com/assets/image/picture_2932046/30b39/4011536f6fe9714f665693807fd06f111687420800jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
Voltaire, born François Marie Arouet, was a French philosopher-enlightener of the French Enlightenment, poet and writer, satirist, tragedian, historian and essayist.
Voltaire's long life fell on the last years of classicism and the eve of the revolutionary era, and in this transitional period his works and activities had a significant impact on the direction of European civilization. Through his critical freethinking and wit, Voltaire won the minds of many 18th century European rulers. To this day, he continues to enjoy worldwide fame as a courageous fighter against tyranny, bigotry, and cruelty.
Voltaire was an advocate of freedom of speech, freedom of religion and separation of church and state. He was a versatile and prolific writer in all literary forms, including plays, poems, novels, essays, histories, and scholarly expositions. In total, he wrote more than 20,000 letters and 2,000 books and pamphlets. Voltaire's most famous works are the tragic play Zaire, the historical study The Age of Louis XIV, and the satirical novella Candide.
![[SADE, Donatien Alphonse François, marquis de (1740-1814)]](/assets/image/picture_2932088/589fa/c5c90c02c46f7432e0f8932b830b43351687420800jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
![[SADE, Donatien Alphonse François, marquis de (1740-1814)]](https://veryimportantlot.com/assets/image/picture_2932088/589fa/c5c90c02c46f7432e0f8932b830b43351687420800jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
Adam Smith was a Scottish economist and philosopher, one of the founders of economic theory as a science.
After graduating from Balliol College at Oxford University, Smith in 1751 became Professor of Logic and then Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Glasgow. And at the same time worked on publishing some of his lectures. His book The Theory of Moral Sentiments was published in 1759. As a philosopher, he wrote on a wide range of subjects: moral philosophy, jurisprudence, rhetoric and literature, and the history of science. He was one of the leading figures of the Scottish Enlightenment. Adam Smith also studied the social forces that give rise to competition, trade, and markets. On his trip to France, he met François Kenet and the Physiocrats.
In late 1763, Smith was given the position of tutor to the young Duke of Buccleugh and resigned his professorship. He began to socialize extensively with the intellectuals of his day, aristocrats and scholars, members of the government and representatives of big commerce, and gradually moved from philosophy to economics.
Adam Smith published his most important work, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (abbreviated as The Wealth of Nations), in 1776. It was the first major exposition of the theory of free trade, where the author advocates individual liberty and the accumulation of wealth, while strongly advocating moral justice and duty to society. He describes a system of natural liberty and justice that seeks to raise the standard of living of the general population by equating higher wages with a healthier and more productive labor force. He proves his belief that the limits to growth are political, not economic, and outlines the principles that should guide lawmakers. Smith also lays out a history of economic theory, a historical analysis of the wealth of nations, including China, and predictions for the future.
"The Wealth of Nations" was the first and still remains the most important book on political economy. And Adam Smith himself is considered the founder of classical political economy; he introduced the term "the invisible hand of the market." Although he did not use the word "capitalism", he is called the father of modern capitalism.
Anne-Louise-Germaine Necker, Baroness of Staël-Holstein, known as Madame de Staël, was a French writer, literary theorist, and publicist.
She was born into a Swiss family where her father was a banker and then finance minister to King Louis XVI, and her mother ran a brilliant literary and political salon in Paris where Voltaire, Diderot, and Hume frequented. Young Necker received a brilliant education, she absorbed the intellectual environment with great curiosity, becoming a witty and well-read conversationalist.
In 1786, she married the Swedish ambassador to Paris, Baron Eric de Staël-Holstein. It was a marriage of convenience, which ended in 1797 formal divorce.
Madame de Staël became known not only for her stunning and versatile works, but also for her enormous influence on the intellectual climate of that 19th century. During her lifetime she was known as a novelist, but she became much more famous as a political philosopher, literary critic, and theorist of Romanticism. Madame de Staël was an implacable opponent of Napoleon I and traveled around Europe for a decade during his reign from 1803. In 1810, the writer published one of her most famous and influential works, On Germany. She returned to Paris in 1814, after the fall of Napoleon, and wrote "Reflections on the Principal Events of the French Revolution."
In her travels, Madame de Staël met many politicians, artists and writers and was known for her cosmopolitanism and feminism. Madame de Staël epitomized the European culture of her time, combining ideas from neoclassicism to romanticism in her glittering salon for leading intellectuals.
Voltaire, born François Marie Arouet, was a French philosopher-enlightener of the French Enlightenment, poet and writer, satirist, tragedian, historian and essayist.
Voltaire's long life fell on the last years of classicism and the eve of the revolutionary era, and in this transitional period his works and activities had a significant impact on the direction of European civilization. Through his critical freethinking and wit, Voltaire won the minds of many 18th century European rulers. To this day, he continues to enjoy worldwide fame as a courageous fighter against tyranny, bigotry, and cruelty.
Voltaire was an advocate of freedom of speech, freedom of religion and separation of church and state. He was a versatile and prolific writer in all literary forms, including plays, poems, novels, essays, histories, and scholarly expositions. In total, he wrote more than 20,000 letters and 2,000 books and pamphlets. Voltaire's most famous works are the tragic play Zaire, the historical study The Age of Louis XIV, and the satirical novella Candide.
Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly, born Jules Amédée Barbey d'Aurevilly, was a French writer, critic and essayist.
After studying law at the University of Caen, d'Aurevilly gained popularity in 1852 as a literary critic for the Bonapartist newspaper Le Pays, which was influential among the decadents of the late 19th century.
In literature, d'Aurevillys specialized in tales of macabre mysteries that explored ulterior motives and hints of evil, but without the supernatural. He was a decisive influence on writers such as Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, Henry James, and Marcel Proust.
Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly, born Jules Amédée Barbey d'Aurevilly, was a French writer, critic and essayist.
After studying law at the University of Caen, d'Aurevilly gained popularity in 1852 as a literary critic for the Bonapartist newspaper Le Pays, which was influential among the decadents of the late 19th century.
In literature, d'Aurevillys specialized in tales of macabre mysteries that explored ulterior motives and hints of evil, but without the supernatural. He was a decisive influence on writers such as Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, Henry James, and Marcel Proust.
Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly, born Jules Amédée Barbey d'Aurevilly, was a French writer, critic and essayist.
After studying law at the University of Caen, d'Aurevilly gained popularity in 1852 as a literary critic for the Bonapartist newspaper Le Pays, which was influential among the decadents of the late 19th century.
In literature, d'Aurevillys specialized in tales of macabre mysteries that explored ulterior motives and hints of evil, but without the supernatural. He was a decisive influence on writers such as Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, Henry James, and Marcel Proust.
Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly, born Jules Amédée Barbey d'Aurevilly, was a French writer, critic and essayist.
After studying law at the University of Caen, d'Aurevilly gained popularity in 1852 as a literary critic for the Bonapartist newspaper Le Pays, which was influential among the decadents of the late 19th century.
In literature, d'Aurevillys specialized in tales of macabre mysteries that explored ulterior motives and hints of evil, but without the supernatural. He was a decisive influence on writers such as Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, Henry James, and Marcel Proust.
![[CURIOSA] [BELOT, Adolphe (1829-1890), attribué à]](/assets/image/picture_2932144/f970a/d7c3162af1b26e3762e66f009da582791687420800jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
![[CURIOSA] [BELOT, Adolphe (1829-1890), attribué à]](https://veryimportantlot.com/assets/image/picture_2932144/f970a/d7c3162af1b26e3762e66f009da582791687420800jpg__fix_374_244.jpeg)
