conceptual art
Félix González-Torres was a Cuban-born American visual artist. He lived and worked primarily in New York City between 1979 and 1995 after attending university in Puerto Rico. González-Torres was known for his minimalist installations and sculptures composed of everyday materials such as strings of lightbulbs, clocks, stacks of paper, or packaged hard candies. In 1987, he joined Group Material, a New York-based group of artists whose intention was to work collaboratively, adhering to principles of cultural activism and community education, much of which was influenced by the artist's experience as an openly gay man. González-Torres is known for having made significant contributions to the field of conceptual art in the 1980s and 1990s. His practice continues to influence and be influenced by present-day cultural discourses.
Jörg Immendorff was a German painter and sculptor, stage designer and decorator, and a member of the New Wild movement.
Immendorff painted in cycles that often lasted for years and were political in nature. His series of sixteen large paintings, Café Deutschland (1977-1984), is well known. In these colorful paintings, numerous disco lovers symbolize the conflict between East and West Germany.
Immendorff prepared several stage productions and designed sets for the operas Elektra and The Rider's Voyage. 25 of Immendorf's paintings were selected in 2006 for the illustrated Bible.
Georg Baselitz is a German painter, sculptor and graphic artist. In the 1960s he became well known for his figurative, expressive paintings. In 1969 he began painting his subjects upside down in an effort to overcome the representational, content-driven character of his earlier work and stress the artifice of painting. Drawing from myriad influences, including art of Soviet era illustration art, the Mannerist period and African sculptures, he developed his own, distinct artistic language.
Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist, widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest and most influential physicists of all time. Einstein is best known for developing the theory of relativity, but he also made important contributions to the development of the theory of quantum mechanics. Relativity and quantum mechanics are together the two pillars of modern physics. His mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2, which arises from relativity theory, has been dubbed "the world's most famous equation". His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science. He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect", a pivotal step in the development of quantum theory. His intellectual achievements and originality resulted in "Einstein" becoming synonymous with "genius".
Magdalena Jetelová is a Czech installation artist and land artist, who has achieved international acclaim. Known mainly for her environmental installation works, Jetelová combines light, architecture, photography, sculpture, and installation to explore the relationship between humans, objects, and space. Her work has been exhibited in various prominent galleries internationally such as Museu d'Art Contemporani de Barcelona, Tate Gallery London, Museum of Modern Art, 21er Haus, and the Martin-Gropius-Bau. Her work is also in the collection of Hirschorn Museum, the Centre Pompidou, and the Museum Ludwig.
Hanne Darboven was a German conceptual artist known for her large-scale installations, drawings, and writings that explore the intersections of mathematics, language, and time.
Darboven studied at the Hochschule für Bildende Künste in Hamburg. In the 1960s, she became associated with the Conceptual Art movement, creating works that often involved systems of numerical and textual notation.
In the 1970s, Darboven began to produce her signature installations, which combined writing, drawing, and found objects to create immersive environments that explored complex systems of meaning and structure. One of her most famous works is "Kulturgeschichte 1880-1983", a monumental installation consisting of 1,590 framed sheets of paper, each containing a series of numbers, letters, and symbols that chart the course of modern history.
Throughout her career, Darboven continued to explore the relationship between language, numbers, and time, often drawing inspiration from her own life and experiences. She exhibited her work widely in Europe and the United States, and was the subject of numerous retrospectives and solo exhibitions.
Her legacy as a pioneering conceptual artist continues to be recognized and celebrated by the art world today.
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Bertrand Lavier is a French conceptual artist, painter and sculptor, belonging to the post-readymade era, inspired by the Duchampian legacy and the Nouveau réalisme, the artistic movement created by the art critic Pierre Restany in 1960. Lavier studied at the École Nationale Supérieure d'Horticulture in Versailles, France in 1968-1971.
Caspar David Friedrich was a German painter of the late eighteenth and first half of the nineteenth centuries. He is known as a painter, draughtsman, watercolorist and is considered a key figure of early German Romanticism.
Caspar David Friedrich was the leader of the so-called Dresden Romantics, known for their emotionally intense landscapes. The artist himself viewed nature as a reflection of the soul and a symbol of religious experiences, creating works with deep symbolism. He actively used landscape to convey his emotions and used the technique of transporting the viewer into the virtual space of the painting. His works often depicted figures immersed in the contemplation of nature, facing infinity, which created a unique effect.
Daniel Graham was an American visual artist, writer, and curator in the writer-artist tradition. In addition to his visual works, he published a large array of critical and speculative writing that spanned the spectrum from heady art theory essays, reviews of rock music, Dwight D. Eisenhower's paintings, and Dean Martin's television show. His early magazine-based art predates, but is often associated with, conceptual art. His later work focused on cultural phenomena by incorporating photography, video, performance art, glass and mirror installation art structures, and closed-circuit television.
Jonathan Borofsky is an American artist known for his public sculptures and installations that explore themes of human consciousness, individuality, and interconnectedness.
Borofsky studied at Carnegie Mellon University and Yale University. In the 1970s, he gained recognition for his conceptual and performance works, which often incorporated elements of language, text, and repetition.
In the 1980s, Borofsky began creating large-scale public sculptures, many of which feature human figures or silhouettes. One of his most famous works is "Molecule Man," a 100-foot-tall sculpture of three interconnected figures located in Berlin, Germany.
Borofsky's work has been exhibited in major museums and galleries around the world, including the Museum of Modern Art in New York, the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris, and the National Museum of Contemporary Art in Seoul. He has also created public artworks in cities such as New York, Tokyo, and Tel Aviv.
In addition to his art, Borofsky is known for his interest in meditation and spirituality, which he often incorporates into his work. He has published several books on these topics.
Borofsky continues to live and work in Ogunquit, Maine, where he maintains a studio and creates new works of art.
