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Salvador Dalí, a Spanish Surrealist painter and printmaker, is celebrated for his vivid and imaginative works that delve into subconscious imagery. Born on May 11, 1904, in Figueres, Catalonia, Spain, Dalí's early exposure to Impressionism and Renaissance masters significantly influenced his artistic development. His education in fine arts in Madrid further shaped his style, leading him to experiment with Cubism and avant-garde movements. In the late 1920s, Dalí embraced Surrealism, joining the Surrealist group in 1929 and rapidly becoming one of its most prominent figures.
Dalí's most famous work, "The Persistence of Memory," completed in 1931, epitomizes the Surrealist movement with its iconic melting clocks symbolizing the fluidity of time. His artistic repertoire was diverse, including painting, graphic arts, film, sculpture, design, and photography, often incorporating themes of dreams, the subconscious, sexuality, religion, and science. Despite his remarkable artistic contributions, Dalí's eccentric and flamboyant public persona often overshadowed his work. He faced criticism for his public support of the Francoist regime and the authenticity of some of his late works.
Dalí's legacy is preserved in major museums, notably the Dalí Theatre-Museum in Figueres and the Salvador Dalí Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida. These institutions showcase his extensive and varied body of work, illustrating his profound impact on Surrealism, pop art, and contemporary artists.
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Franz von Stuck was a German painter, sculptor, printmaker, and architect. Stuck was best known for his paintings of ancient mythology, receiving substantial critical acclaim with The Sin in 1892.
Henry Walter Bates was a British naturalist, biologist and traveler.
As a young man, Henry worked in a factory and attended the local mechanical institute, where he excelled in Greek, Latin, French, drawing and composition, later learning German and Portuguese. He also practiced classical music and was an avid entomologist.
In 1844, Bates met entomologist Alfred Russel Wallace, who a few years later invited him to go to the tropical jungle on a scientific expedition. In May 1848, they arrived in Para, Brazil, near the mouth of the Amazon River. Wallace returned to England four years later, but Bates remained there for a total of 11 years, exploring the entire Amazon Valley, where he collected some 14,712 species, mostly insects, of which 8,000 were previously unknown.
On his return to England in 1859, Bates began working on his vast collections and preparing a famous paper published in 1862 entitled Contributions to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley. In 1864 Bates was appointed assistant secretary of the Royal Geographical Society (London), a position he held until his death. He wrote The Naturalist on the Amazon River (1863), as well as many works on entomology.
Bates's work in demonstrating the action of natural selection in animal mimicry (imitation of other living organisms or inanimate objects) provided strong support for Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. Much of Bates's insect collections are in the British Museum.
Georg Kolbe was a German sculptor of the first half of the twentieth century. He is known as a master of Classicism and Symbolism. Throughout most of his professional career he was an artist in demand by various German authorities.
Georg Kolbe, despite the strong influence of the Expressionists, managed to develop his own unique style. He left a notable mark not only in sculpture, his artistic legacy includes a large number of drawings and hundreds of engravings.
His biography is closely connected with Berlin, where he lived for more than 40 years. Kolbe is named for the prize awarded by the Artists' Union of Berlin. The artist's former studio now houses a museum with permanent solo exhibitions of works by renowned sculptors of modern art.