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William Shakespeare was a British poet and playwright and writer.
William's father, John Shakespeare, was a merchant and official in Stratford. There are reports that he was a sailor for a time before joining a theater company in London. Beginning in the 1590s, Shakespeare began writing plays, and in 1593 he published a poem, Venus and Adonis, which became popular. He dedicated it to the Duke of Southampton, who was a philanthropist and patron of talent, and soon his business was booming.
From 1592 to 1600 Shakespeare wrote his dramas and romantic comedies "Richard III", "The Taming of the Shrew", "Romeo and Juliet", "A Midsummer Night's Dream" and "The Merchant of Venice", as well as the comedies "Much Ado About Nothing", "Twelfth Night" and the tragedy "Julius Caesar". The playwright's business was so successful that he even bought a large house in Stratford. In 1599, Shakespeare became one of the owners, playwright and actor of the new theater "Globe". In 1603 King James took Shakespeare's troupe under his direct patronage. In the mature period, the great playwright turned to tragedies, there were "Hamlet", "Othello", "King Lear", "Macbeth" and others.
Although in the 19th century researchers had some doubts about the authorship of many of these works, William Shakespeare is considered the greatest English playwright, one of the best playwrights in the world. His plays have been translated into all major languages and to this day form the basis of the world theatrical repertoire, most of them have been screened many times. According to the Guinness Book of Records, Shakespeare remains the world's best-selling playwright, and his plays and poems have sold more than 4 billion copies in the nearly 400 years since his death.
Alan Alexander Milne was a British journalist, playwright and children's author.
While studying at Trinity College, Cambridge, Milne began writing for Granta magazine, and in 1906 he joined the humor magazine Punch, where he wrote humorous poems and quirky essays until 1914. During World War I he served as a communications officer, and afterward, in 1920, Milne had a son, Christopher Robin, whose name soon became known to the world.
From 1921 Milne wrote several comedy plays and also began writing children's poetry and prose for his young son, having finally found his calling. Milne's major successes were his books Winnie the Pooh (1926) and The House on Pooh Corner (1928). These two volumes tell the adventures of a boy named Christopher Robin and his playmates - animals that were "born" from the toys of the real Christopher Robin. The central character is Winnie the Pooh Bear, accompanied by the fussy Rabbit, the sullen Donkey Ia, the bouncy tiger Tigger, the kind kangaroo Kanga and her baby Roo, the wise Owl and the timid Piglet. The adventures of Pooh and his friends in the forest of One Hundred Acres with illustrations by Ernest Shepard became bestsellers.
They were translated into different languages of the world and reprinted many times, filmed cartoons. In 1929 Milne adapted another children's classic, Kenneth Graham's The Wind in the Willows, for stage production as Toad of Toad Hall. Ten years later he wrote an autobiography, Now It's Too Late.
Alexandre-Jean Dubois-Drahonet was a French painter, lithographer, and portraitist. Dubois-Drahonet studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris under the landscape painter Jean-Victor Bertin. He gained recognition as a portrait painter, and his clients included members of the French royal family.
Dubois-Drahonet exhibited regularly at the Paris Salon. He also produced genre scenes depicting everyday life, which were characterized by their vivid colors and loose, sketch-like style that captured the immediacy and vitality of his subjects.
In addition to his work as a painter, Dubois-Drahonet was also a skilled lithographer, and he produced a number of lithographic prints based on his own paintings as well as those of other artists. His lithographs were widely admired for their technical skill and ability to capture the essence of his subjects.
Today, Dubois-Drahonet's paintings and lithographs can be found in the collections of museums around the world, including the Louvre Museum in Paris and the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. His work continues to be highly regarded for its innovative approach to landscape and genre painting, and its ability to capture the vitality and beauty of everyday life in 19th-century France.
Alexandre-Jean Dubois-Drahonet was a French painter, lithographer, and portraitist. Dubois-Drahonet studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris under the landscape painter Jean-Victor Bertin. He gained recognition as a portrait painter, and his clients included members of the French royal family.
Dubois-Drahonet exhibited regularly at the Paris Salon. He also produced genre scenes depicting everyday life, which were characterized by their vivid colors and loose, sketch-like style that captured the immediacy and vitality of his subjects.
In addition to his work as a painter, Dubois-Drahonet was also a skilled lithographer, and he produced a number of lithographic prints based on his own paintings as well as those of other artists. His lithographs were widely admired for their technical skill and ability to capture the essence of his subjects.
Today, Dubois-Drahonet's paintings and lithographs can be found in the collections of museums around the world, including the Louvre Museum in Paris and the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. His work continues to be highly regarded for its innovative approach to landscape and genre painting, and its ability to capture the vitality and beauty of everyday life in 19th-century France.
Napoleon I Bonaparte was a French statesman and military leader, Emperor of France (1804-1815).
Napoleon was born in the family of an ignorant Corsican nobleman, graduated from the Brienne military school, then the Paris military school. In 1785 he began military service in the rank of junior lieutenant of artillery in the Royal Army. From the first days of the Great French Revolution of 1789-1799 Bonaparte joined the political struggle on the island of Corsica, in 1792 in Valence joined the Jacobin Club and actively participated in all the turbulent political and military events.
In November 1799 Napoleon was at the head of a coup d'état: the government of the Directory was deposed, and the French Republic was headed by three consuls, the first of whom was Napoleon. In June 1804 Bonaparte was proclaimed Emperor Napoleon I of France, and in December a lavish coronation ceremony took place. After Italy recognized him as its king, in March 1805 he was also crowned in Milan.
With his rise to power, France entered a period of almost continuous warfare. Napoleon greatly expanded the territory of the empire, made most of the states of Western and Central Europe dependent on France. His brothers became kings: Joseph in Naples, Louis in Holland, and Jerome in Westphalia. In 1812, Napoleon made a campaign against Russia and even reached Moscow, but the Russian troops under the leadership of commander M.I. Kutuzov with the active support of all the people completely defeated the "invincible army". This military campaign was the beginning of the collapse of Napoleon's empire. The entry of the anti-French coalition troops into Paris in March 1814 forced Napoleon I to abdicate (April 6, 1814).
Napoleon retained the title of Emperor and was given possession of the island of Elba in the Mediterranean Sea. However, in March 1815, the deposed emperor at the head of a small detachment suddenly landed in the south of France and three weeks later, without a single shot entered Paris. But the emperor failed to live up to the hopes of the people of France, plus his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo all led to his second abdication. As a result, Napoleon Bonaparte was exiled to the island of St. Helena in the Atlantic Ocean, where he died on May 5, 1821.
