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Francesco Petrarca was an Italian poet, the founder of European humanism, and one of the greatest figures of the Italian Proto-Renaissance.
Petrarca studied at the University of Montpellier, then at the University of Bologna, in 1330 entered the service of Cardinal Giovanni Colonna as a chaplain. Then he made various pilgrimages, in 1353 settled in Milan at the court of Archbishop Giovanni Visconti, and carried out important diplomatic missions. Petrarca spent the last years of his life in the village of Arquà near Padua.
Since 1337 Petrarca began to write literary works: these were historical poems in Latin and lyric poems in Italian. In 1327 Francesco saw Laura for the first time, undivided love for which was the main source of his poetry. Laura was for him an object of adoration and pure platonic love. Despite the fact that they saw each other only a few times and were not really acquainted, Petrarca carried this feeling through his life.
Passionate about ancient culture, Petrarch deciphered and commented on the manuscripts of Cicero, Quintilian and others. He opposed medieval scholasticism interest in the earthly purpose of man, argued that the nobility of man depends not on the nobility of origin, but on his virtue. Petrarca highly valued the mind and creative abilities of man, and these humanistic ideas found vivid expression in his lyrics, revealing the inner world of man. Petrarca's work laid the foundation for the formation of Italian humanism. He also dreamed of the unification of Italy, the revival of the former greatness of Rome.
Francesco Petrarca had one of the richest libraries of his time, where ancient Roman writers, poets, historians, philosophers were represented. He was one of the brightest representatives of the culture of the Renaissance. Petrarca's works are characterized by perfection of form and musicality of verse, which played a significant role in the development of European poetry. Among his works are the poem "Africa" about the Second Punic War in Latin, allegorical pastoral eclogues "Bucolics" (1346/1357), a book of songs "My Italy", "Noble Spirit", sonnets, etc.
Marino Marini was an Italian sculptor and educator.
Marino Marini was an Italian sculptor and educator.
William Shakespeare was a British poet and playwright and writer.
William's father, John Shakespeare, was a merchant and official in Stratford. There are reports that he was a sailor for a time before joining a theater company in London. Beginning in the 1590s, Shakespeare began writing plays, and in 1593 he published a poem, Venus and Adonis, which became popular. He dedicated it to the Duke of Southampton, who was a philanthropist and patron of talent, and soon his business was booming.
From 1592 to 1600 Shakespeare wrote his dramas and romantic comedies "Richard III", "The Taming of the Shrew", "Romeo and Juliet", "A Midsummer Night's Dream" and "The Merchant of Venice", as well as the comedies "Much Ado About Nothing", "Twelfth Night" and the tragedy "Julius Caesar". The playwright's business was so successful that he even bought a large house in Stratford. In 1599, Shakespeare became one of the owners, playwright and actor of the new theater "Globe". In 1603 King James took Shakespeare's troupe under his direct patronage. In the mature period, the great playwright turned to tragedies, there were "Hamlet", "Othello", "King Lear", "Macbeth" and others.
Although in the 19th century researchers had some doubts about the authorship of many of these works, William Shakespeare is considered the greatest English playwright, one of the best playwrights in the world. His plays have been translated into all major languages and to this day form the basis of the world theatrical repertoire, most of them have been screened many times. According to the Guinness Book of Records, Shakespeare remains the world's best-selling playwright, and his plays and poems have sold more than 4 billion copies in the nearly 400 years since his death.
Ben Nicholson, an English artist, is celebrated for his significant contributions to abstract art. Born into an artistic family, Nicholson's work evolved from figurative art to embrace and lead in the development of abstract art in Britain. His early career was marked by experimentation with Cubism and interaction with influential artists like Barbara Hepworth, Henry Moore, Piet Mondrian, and Pablo Picasso, which profoundly shaped his artistic direction.
Nicholson's art is notable for its sensitive balance of tone and texture, employing dynamic and rhythmic lines that abstractly reference architectural forms and societal structures. His technique involved meticulous carving, painting, and the innovative use of color, especially in his later works where he explored the interplay of light and form to create poetic, abstract landscapes. His contributions were not just confined to his own practice; through collaborative projects and influential writings, he played a pivotal role in the discourse of modernist art, advocating for abstract art's broader appreciation.
Noteworthy pieces of Nicholson's work, including "March 1963 (Archimedes)" and "June 1961 (green goblet and blue square)," among others, are housed in prestigious collections like the Tate Gallery, Tate St Ives, Kettle's Yard Art Gallery in Cambridge, The Hepworth Wakefield, Pallant House Gallery in Chichester, and the Pier Arts Centre in Stromness, Orkney.
Nicholson's legacy as a pioneer of abstract art in the UK is secured through his innovative approaches and influential partnerships, which have left an indelible mark on the landscape of 20th-century art. His work continues to inspire and resonate, reflecting a deep understanding of the abstract's power to express the complexities of human experience and the natural world.
For collectors and experts in art and antiques interested in the pivotal movements of 20th-century art, Ben Nicholson's oeuvre offers a rich field of study and appreciation. To stay updated on new product sales and auction events related to Ben Nicholson's work, signing up for updates is a step towards deepening your understanding and appreciation of this key figure in modernist art.
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François Clouet was a major French Renaissance portrait painter.
François was the son of the painter Jean Clouet (1485-1540), from whom he learned painting. He became the favorite court portraitist of Kings Francis I, Henry II, Francis II and Charles IX.
François Clouet became famous for his mastery, accurately conveying the characters of people and meticulously painting their costumes.
Pierre-Antoine Demachy was a French painter and master of architectural landscapes.
He studied architecture at the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture and specialized in drawing ruins, architectural structures and scenery. Due to his success in his art, he became a royal master of architectural decorations for entertaining events. Demachy also taught students of painting at the Louvre Palace.
