numismatics
Horace Walpole, 4th Earl of Orford was an English writer, founder of the Gothic romance, bibliophile, and collector.
Born into an aristocratic family, Walpole received a classical education worthy of a young aristocrat at Eton College, then studied at Cambridge University and traveled widely in Europe.
Later he settled in his castle Stroberry Hill, where he gradually amassed one of the largest and richest art galleries in England. Here Walpole also wrote the first Gothic novel, Ontario Castle (1764), which became a prototype of horror literature that made him famous. Walpole also left an extensive private correspondence of some 4,000 letters, a most interesting survey for scholars of the history, manners, and tastes of his era.
Abraham Ortelius (Ortels) was a Brabantian cartographer, geographer, and cosmographer. He is recognized as the creator of the first modern atlas, the Theatrum Orbis Terrarum (Theatre of the World). Along with Gemma Frisius and Gerardus Mercator, Ortelius is generally considered one of the founders of the Netherlandish school of cartography and geography. He was a notable figure of this school in its golden age (approximately 1570s–1670s) and an important geographer of Spain during the age of discovery. The publication of his atlas in 1570 is often considered as the official beginning of the Golden Age of Netherlandish cartography. He was the first person proposing that the continents were joined before drifting to their present positions. Beginning as a map-engraver, in 1547 he entered the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke as an illuminator of maps. In 1560 when travelling with Mercator to Trier, Lorraine, and Poitiers, he seems to have been attracted, largely by Mercator's influence, towards the career of a scientific geographer. In 1564 he published his first map, Typus Orbis Terrarum, an eight-leaved wall map of the world. On 20 May 1570, Gilles Coppens de Diest at Antwerp issued Ortelius's Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, the "first modern atlas" (of 53 maps).
