SEMMELWEIS, Ignaz Philipp (1818-1865)

Lot 206
10.12.2025 12:00UTC +00:00
Classic
AuctioneerCHRISTIE'S
Lieu de l'événementRoyaume-Uni, London
Commissionsee on Website%
ID 1514387
Lot 206 | SEMMELWEIS, Ignaz Philipp (1818-1865)
Valeur estimée
£ 8 000 – 12 000
SEMMELWEIS, Ignaz Philipp (1818-1865)
Die Aetiologie, der Begriff und die Prophylaxis des Kindbettfiebers. Pest, Vienna and Leipzig: 1861.
Important authorial presentation copy of the first edition of Semmelweis's complete account of his epoch-making discovery of the etiology, contagiousness and means of prevention of puerperal fever. ‘Semmelweis, pioneer of antisepsis in obstetrics, was the first to recognize that puerperal fever is a septicaemia’ (Garrison-Morton). After 1850 Semmelweis published a few short accounts in Hungarian medical journals of his discovery of the infectious cause of the deadly disease, and its successful prevention in his clinic in Vienna through strictly enforced hand-washing with chlorinated limewater. However, it was not until 14 years after his initial discovery that he published this complete exposition of his conclusions and prophylactic method. ‘In spite of his having marshalled overwhelming evidence to support his contention that the disease could be spread by attending physicians, his ideas were vehemently opposed by nearly every prominent physician of his day. Notable exceptions were Oliver Wendell Holmes who had earlier published a paper on the contagiousness of puerperal fever’ (Semmelweis and Holmes were unaware of each other's work), and Dr Charles Henry Felix Routh (1822-1909), who seems to be the recipient of the present work.

Routh was born on the island of Malta into a military family, and in 1840 went to study medicine at the Medical Faculty of University College. After graduating, he studied at Paris and Prague before working under Semmelweis in Vienna. There, he was inspired by Semmelweis’ work on asepsis, and returning to London in 1848, Routh wrote a paper entitled, ‘On the Causes of the Endemic Puerperal Fever of Vienna’ (communicated by Dr. Edward William Murphy, since Routh was not a fellow of the Royal Medical and Surgical Society, and published in Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, 1849, 32: 27-40). This initiated a very ‘active’ discussion, but, like the ideas of his mentor, Routh’s paper seems to have fallen into obscurity. Nevertheless, Semmelweis did not stop promoting his ideas, sending his thorough 1861 publication [the present lot] to Routh. The 2pp. letter from Semmelweis dated ‘Pesth 22 / 5 / 61’ tipped in at the beginning of our volume is quoted in full in Routh’s obituary notice published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Empire, April, 1909:

'Dear Friend, As you have been so friendly in the year 1848 at the meeting of the Englisch [sic] Doctors in London, to bring forward a discussion on my opinion about the origin and prevention of fever in child bed, I take the liberty, having just finished a complete work upon the same subject, to send it to you with the request to mention it again at the same meeting [i.e. Royal Medical and Surgical Society]. I have also send [sic] my work to Webster, Copeland, Murphy, Simpson, Weber.

Thank you before for your trouble and hoping to hear something of you very soon.

Your sincere friend, Ignaz Semmelweis'.

The rejection of his work has been variously attributed to Semmelweis's abrasive personality, lack of well-placed allies, unclear prose, and excessive use of statistical tables. ‘Most important, however, was the lack of a good explanation for Semmelweis' empirically derived procedure, a development made possible only through the ensuing work of Pasteur’ (DSB). His theories were ignored until the 1880s and '90s, when ‘a return was made to the asepsis of Semmelweis as against Lister's antisepsis’ (PMM). Garrison-Morton 6277; Grolier Medicine 72A; Heirs of Hippocrates 1851; PMM 316b2; Waller 8830; Norman 1926.

Octavo (220 x 135 mm). (Occasional variable light spotting, more noticeable to the second half of the volume.) Modern dark-red half morocco (extremities lightly rubbed). Provenance: authorial presentation copy (2pp. autograph letter signed tipped in at beginning of volume to an unnamed recipient, but most probably to:) – Charles Henry Felix Routh (1822-1909, physician).
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