Systema Saturnium

Lot 108
05.02.2026 10:00UTC +00:00
Classic
AuctioneerCHRISTIE'S
Lieu de l'événementRoyaume-Uni, London
Commissionsee on Website%
ID 1540356
Lot 108 | Systema Saturnium
Valeur estimée
$ 15 000 – 25 000
HUYGENS, Christiaan (1629-1695). Systema Saturnium. The Hague: Adriaan Vlacq, 1659. [bound with:] DIVINI, Eustachio (1610-1685). Brevis Annotatio in Systema Saturnium. The Hague: Adriaan Vlacq, 1660. [bound with:] HUYGENS, Christiaan. Brevis assertio Systematis Saturnii. The Hague: Adriaan Vlacq, 1660.

The von Zach-Sagan copy of the first edition of the first full announcement of the ring and satellite of Saturn; together with two rare works, Divini's attack on Huygens and Huygen's reply. The mystery of Saturn's "arms" had puzzled astronomers in the decades following Galileo's observation in 1610 of the planet's oval shape. Starting in the 1650s, Huygens and his brother Constantijn acquired great skill in the grinding and polishing of spherical lenses, and the telescopes that they built were the best of their time. In 1655, using their first greatly improved telescope, Huygens spotted a satellite of Saturn, later named Titan. Although still unable to physically make out the cause of Saturn's odd and variable shape, Huygens theorized that it was due to a single flat ring, whose inclination to the line of sight varies. "He arrived at this solution partly through the use of better observational equipment, but also by an acute argument based on the use of the Cartesian vortex (the whirl of 'celestial matter' around a heavenly body supporting its satellites)" (DSB). In 1656 Huygens presented his theory in a one-sentence anagram included in Pierre Borel's De vero telescopii inventore, thus securing priority of the discovery. Systema Saturnium contains as well "many other observations on the planets and their satellites, all contributing to an emphatic defense of the Copernican system" (Norman), and an observation and illustration of the Orion nebula.

In addition to the bookplate of Carl Sagan and his wife Ann Druyan, this copy bears the stamp of Austrian astronomer Franz Xaver von Zach, of whom Peter Brosche observed that "The history of astronomy and exact geo-sciences of the Goethe era cannot be written if Zach is ignored’ (Der Astronom der Herzogin, 2001). Zach acted as a catalyst and scientific editor and facilitator, and Brosche mentions 41 crates of books shipped by him when moving to Frankfurt in 1827.

This is a later state of Systema Saturnium with the plate on page 18 printed correctly (see Raymond Giordano, The Antiquarian Scientist, No. 33 (2002)). Divini's work was first printed in Rome. De Haan 2210, 2212, 2211; Norman 1136.

Quarto (194 x 141mm). First work with full-page folding engraved plate, 11 engraved illustrations, 8 woodcut diagrams and initials; second work with one woodcut diagram (a couple engraved illustrations in the first work extend past the trimmed margin and are folded). (A couple minor losses at margins and repaired tears including to p.11 in second work touching but not obscuring text.) Modern calf, bound to style. Provenance: early ink annotations – astronomer Franz Xavier von Zach (d. 1832; red "v. Zach" stamp to title page of first and last works) – Ann Druyan and Carl Sagan (bookplate; numbered 21).
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