Edward Jenner (1749-1823) - фото 1

Edward Jenner (1749-1823)

Лот 192
10.12.2025 12:00UTC +00:00
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CHRISTIE'S
AuctioneerCHRISTIE'S
Место проведенияВеликобритания, London
Комиссияsee on Website%
ID 1514432
Лот 192 | Edward Jenner (1749-1823)
Оценочная стоимость
£ 50 000 – 70 000
Edward Jenner (1749-1823)
Series of 18 autograph letters signed ('E. Jenner', 'Edw. Jenner') to Alexander Marcet, London, Berkeley, Cheltenham and n.p., 23 February 1803 - 25 March 1817 and n.d.
Together approx. 44 pages, various sizes, on bifolia; address panels, docketed by recipient. Loosely inserted in a brown morocco album, gilt lettering ('Nineteen [sic] autograph letters written by Edward Jenner ...'). Provenance: by descent to the recipient's grandson Dr William Pasteur – presented by him to the Royal Society of Medicine in 1923.

'I am not conscious of ever having had a failure among my vaccine Inoculations': on vaccination and its opponents. In the earliest letter, Jenner asks Marcet to help frustrate the 'malignant' efforts of Dr George Pearson to convince the public that Jenner is behind the spread of 'spurious vaccine matter' on the Continent: 'He has endeavord to fix an odium upon me respecting the spurious Cow-Pox at Geneva, altho I am confident he was at the same time conscious his evidence was incorrect'. Discussing the vaccination campaign in Copenhagen (which had been initiated when Marcet on Jenner’s behalf sent some cowpox matter there in about 1801]), Jenner feels that 'the Virus they employ there has probably undergone some change', as it is reported as frequently provoking severe rashes ('Eruptions'): 'Now in this Country, out of the vast number I have inoculated (a number in conjunction with my Nephews but little short of Tenthousand), I neither see nor hear of Cases of Eruption'. He attributes the modification of the vaccine virus to extracting it too late from a pustule, and mentions similar examples in Vienna and in America. On 6 April 1803, he thanks Marcet for sending glass vessels for preserving vaccine matter: 'I have known the vaccine virus in full possession of all it specific properties, when preserved in this way seventeen weeks ... At the expiration of three months, some Vaccine Virus which I had accumulated on a Quill & suspended in a half ounce Vial was used with complete success. By the way, from this virus the first Patient ever inoculated in the Metropolis rec[eive]d the Vaccine disease'. In summer 1805 he declares 'I am not conscious of ever having had a failure among my vaccine Inoculations', before discussing a single purported counter-example, which he ascribes to an 'Apothecary in the Country' re-inoculating a child 'after I had inoculated it [sic] in Town'; and he asks Marcet to make use of his network of foreign correspondents to 'obtain Reports of the present state of Vaccination in different parts of Germany, Italy, &c &c'. On 4 August 1806 Jenner vigorously states his refusal to take the chair [of the medical council of the Royal Jennerian Society'], and refers to an opponent as a 'Blockhead in Vaccination'. On 30 July 1807 he returns to the subject of George Pearson, who 'finding himself foild in his attempts to ruin my reputation by the schemes and stratagems he had hitherto play'd off, [has made] the desperate effort of declaring Vaccination not worthy the confidence that had been placed in it'. A series of letters in June 1807 refer to Jenner's vaccination of one of Marcet's daughters: on 9 June he invites them to come the next day, 'and I will be prepared to meet you with a Vaccine Arm in high perfection'; on the 23rd he asks for news of the 'the rise, progress, & now I imagine, almost termination of the Pustule on the arm of my little Patient', and on 4 July reports his satisfaction at Marcet's account. In the same letter he refers again to George Pearson ('a very great Rogue ... most actively employ'd in attempts to ruin my reputation') and looks forward to a publication by Jane Marcet on vaccination, which he praises in a letter of the following day. On 8 December 1807 he writes of Jane Marcet's famous popular text book Conversations on Chemistry, initially published anonymously ('Our Ladies seem to have laid aside their knotting & netting, & are all becoming Chemists in consequence of two little Volumes in the form of Dialogues which have lately got among them'), and comments sceptically on reports of a 'case of smallpox after Cowpox'. On 2 September he again writes scathingly on an opponent of vaccination in 'that infamous Publication the Medical Observer ... Mr Birch has decorated it with a Print exhibiting four Heads diseas'd by Vaccination. How easily he might have added a fifth, by giving his own'. A letter of 12 June 1809 refers rather distantly to troubles at the Royal Jennerian Society. On 25 July 1813 Jenner describes at length a large 'amygdaloid' rock near Berkeley which might be of interest to the Geological Society, also writing in passing of his study of tumours and cirrhosis of the liver, and mentioning the ill-health which was to dog his later years, doubting the diagnosis of dyspepsia made by his 'Medical Friends'. The last letter, on 25 March 1817, appropriately concerns a foreign publication on vaccination.

Jenner had performed the first documented cowpox inoculation in 1796, and published his results in a series of papers from 1798 onwards: by the date of this correspondence vaccination was already broadly accepted, and Jenner was increasingly lionised for his role in its discovery – although sceptics and opponents remained, as shown in these letters. Perhaps the most prominent of these was George Pearson (1751-1828), who had initially been a supporter of Jenner and of vaccination, but from 1799 onwards became an opponent, and publicly contested the grant of £10,000 made to Jenner by parliament in 1802. Alexander Marcet (1770-1822) was a fellow doctor, from 1804 the physician at Guy's Hospital: he was born in Geneva, and maintained a lifelong network amongst continental European medical circles. Marcet's wife, Jane (née Haldimand, 1769-1858), was also of Genevan descent: she is famous for her series of popular expository books under the title of 'Conversations', the first and most influential of which, Conversations on Chemistry (1805), inspired Michael Faraday. Further letters from Jenner to Marcet are held by the Henry Barton Jacobs Collection in the William H. Welch Medical Library at Johns Hopkins University.
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Edward Jenner (1749-1823)
Edward Jenner (1749-1823)
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