histoire de l'art

Jean-François de Troy was a French Rococo easel and fresco painter, draughtsman and tapestry designer. One of France's leading history painters in his time, he was equally successful with his decorative paintings, genre scenes and portraits. He was the inventor of the tableaux de modes ('paintings of fashions'), which attempted to provide a spirited portrayal of contemporary fashions, pastimes and manners.
He was the Director of the French Academy in Rome from 1738.





Joseph-Marie Vien was a famous 18th-century French painter of religious, historical and mythological genres.
Joseph-Marie Vien was best known for his neoclassical paintings and his active teaching career. He founded his own school in Paris, where he trained dozens of young colleagues, and the best masterpieces of his work are now in major French museums. There are many interesting facts and notable events in his biography.


Paul Gauguin, a French artist born in Paris in 1848, is renowned for his significant contributions to Post-Impressionism, Primitivism, and Synthetism. Gauguin's art is distinguished by his experimental use of color and style, which set him apart from the traditional Impressionist movement.
Gauguin's early life was marked by a period in Peru, which influenced his artistic perspective. Initially, he pursued a career in stockbroking but soon turned to art, driven by financial necessity and a growing passion. His artistic journey began under the mentorship of Impressionist artist Camille Pissarro and through exposure to the works of other avant-garde artists.
The hallmark of Gauguin's work is his exploration of non-Western cultures, particularly during his time in Tahiti and the Marquesas Islands. This period saw the creation of some of his most famous works, including "Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?" His paintings from this era, characterized by vivid colors and Symbolist themes, reflect a fusion of cultural influences and his quest for a "primitive" expression of spiritual and emotional states.
Despite his innovative style, Gauguin struggled with financial difficulties and health issues throughout his life. His work received little recognition during his lifetime, but posthumously, he gained acclaim for influencing modern artists like Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse.
Today, Gauguin's works are celebrated in galleries and museums worldwide for their unique blend of cultural influences and artistic innovation. His enduring legacy is a testament to his unique vision and the profound impact he had on the art world.
Collectors and experts in art and antiques, stay updated on new product sales and auction events related to Paul Gauguin. Sign up now for exclusive updates and immerse yourself in the world of this visionary artist.






Niki de Saint Phalle was a French-American sculptor, painter, filmmaker, and author of colorful hand-illustrated books. Widely noted as one of the few female monumental sculptors, Saint Phalle was also known for her social commitment and work.


Henri-Jean Guillaume Martin was a French painter. Elected to the Académie des Beaux-Arts in 1917, he is known for his early 1920s work on the walls of the Salle de l'Assemblée générale, where the members of the Conseil d'État meet in the Palais-Royal in Paris. Other notable institutions that have featured his Post-Impressionist paintings in their halls through public procurement include the Élysée Palace, Sorbonne, Hôtel de Ville de Paris, Palais de Justice de Paris, as well as Capitole de Toulouse, although the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux and Musée des Augustins also have sizeable public collections.


Jacques Basnage de Beauval was a French theologian and historian, diplomat and writer.
His father was a prominent lawyer and his grandfather and great-grandfather were pastors, Jacques studied theology and languages at the Academy of Saumur, then at Geneva and Sedan. In 1676, Jacques Basnage was appointed pastor at Rouen during the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, was forced to flee France for Holland, where he worked as a theologian, polemicist, historian, and diplomat in the service of the Grand Pensioner Hensius.
In 1717, on behalf of Holland, Basnage was sent to sign the treaty of the Triple Alliance (France, Holland, England). In the Annals of the United Provinces (1719-1726), compiled from the peace negotiations held at Münster, he displays breadth of vision, wisdom, and impartiality.
About 1719 Jacques Basnage was appointed historiographer of the Dutch states. He wrote several books on the Bible, the history of the Church, and the history of the Jewish people. Among the best known of these are his History of the Religion of the Protestant Denominations (1690), History of the Church of Jesus Christ to the Present Time (1699), written from Protestant positions, and History of the Jews (1706), as well as Jewish Antiquities, or Critical Notes on the Republic of the Jews (1713).

Romeyn de Hooghe was a Dutch painter, sculptor, engraver and caricaturist of the late Baroque period, writer and philosopher.
Hooghe became famous for his political caricatures of King Louis XIV of France and propaganda pamphlets in support of William of Orange. He portrayed the war against the French monarch and his allies as a struggle between freedom and religious despotism.
Romeyn de Hooghe was a superb engraver and created over 3,500 engravings during his lifetime. His most important work is Hieroglyphica of Merkbeelden der oude volkeren (Hieroglyphics or Symbols of the Ancient Peoples), where he appeared not only as a consummate master of engraving, but also as a historian, talented writer and philosopher. This book has long been regarded in Europe as one of the most authoritative sources on classical mythology. It contains 64 engravings illustrating all stages of the narrative of myths, ancient cults and beliefs, and the interpretation of scripture, a guide to medieval Europe.
Romeyn de Hooghe also illustrated books and painted large panels. During his lifetime he was widely recognized as a painter and sculptor not only in his own country but also in other European countries.



Paul Gauguin, a French artist born in Paris in 1848, is renowned for his significant contributions to Post-Impressionism, Primitivism, and Synthetism. Gauguin's art is distinguished by his experimental use of color and style, which set him apart from the traditional Impressionist movement.
Gauguin's early life was marked by a period in Peru, which influenced his artistic perspective. Initially, he pursued a career in stockbroking but soon turned to art, driven by financial necessity and a growing passion. His artistic journey began under the mentorship of Impressionist artist Camille Pissarro and through exposure to the works of other avant-garde artists.
The hallmark of Gauguin's work is his exploration of non-Western cultures, particularly during his time in Tahiti and the Marquesas Islands. This period saw the creation of some of his most famous works, including "Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?" His paintings from this era, characterized by vivid colors and Symbolist themes, reflect a fusion of cultural influences and his quest for a "primitive" expression of spiritual and emotional states.
Despite his innovative style, Gauguin struggled with financial difficulties and health issues throughout his life. His work received little recognition during his lifetime, but posthumously, he gained acclaim for influencing modern artists like Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse.
Today, Gauguin's works are celebrated in galleries and museums worldwide for their unique blend of cultural influences and artistic innovation. His enduring legacy is a testament to his unique vision and the profound impact he had on the art world.
Collectors and experts in art and antiques, stay updated on new product sales and auction events related to Paul Gauguin. Sign up now for exclusive updates and immerse yourself in the world of this visionary artist.


Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes was a Spanish romantic painter and printmaker, celebrated as the most pivotal Spanish artist of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Born in Fuendetodos, Aragon, Spain, on March 30, 1746, Goya's work reflects a tumultuous period of history, intertwining the personal, political, and social upheavals of his time with a bold and innovative artistic vision. His early career was marked by portraits of the Spanish aristocracy and royalty, as well as Rococo style tapestry cartoons for the royal palace. However, following a severe illness in 1793 that left him deaf, his art took on a darker and more pessimistic tone.
Goya's oeuvre is vast, encompassing around 700 paintings, 280 prints, and several thousand drawings, through which he depicted a wide range of subjects from the whimsical to the macabre. Notable among his works are "The Naked Maja," "The Clothed Maja," "The Family of Charles IV," "The Third of May 1808: The Execution of the Defenders of Madrid," and "Saturn Eating His Children." His etchings, particularly the series "Los Caprichos" and "The Disasters of War," are celebrated for their intricate detail, emotional depth, and critical social commentary.
Goya's contribution to art goes beyond his mastery of painting and printmaking. He is often considered the bridge between the Old Masters and modern art, introducing themes and techniques that would influence countless artists in the centuries to follow. His ability to capture the essence of his era, the human condition, and the complexities of his own psyche, makes his work universally relatable and enduringly relevant.
His most famous paintings are housed in prestigious museums worldwide, including the Museo del Prado in Madrid, which holds an extensive collection of his works. The Prado's collection serves as a testament to Goya's significant impact on art and culture, offering insight into the artist's unique perspective on the world around him.
For collectors and experts in art and antiques, Francisco de Goya's legacy is a beacon of artistic innovation and historical significance. His works not only adorn the walls of museums but also continue to inspire and provoke thought among audiences across the globe.
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Gustave Clarence Rodolphe Boulanger was a French painter renowned for his classical and Orientalist themes. He was born in Paris and became an accomplished academic artist, earning accolades such as the Prix de Rome in 1849.
Gustave Boulanger's paintings often focused on historical subjects, with influences from Greek and Roman mythology, as well as Orientalism, particularly Middle Eastern themes. He also depicted scenes of daily life in ancient civilizations and had a knack for blending the ancient with the modern. Notable works by Boulanger include "Répétition théâtrale dans la maison d’un poète romain" (1855), presented at the Salon of 1855, which later inspired the Pompeiian palace inauguration. His style was known for its theatricality and ability to bridge the past with contemporary aesthetics.
Some of his significant works are housed in various museums and galleries, including the British Museum, the Art Institute of Chicago, and the Hermitage Museum. Examples of his works include "The Flute Concert," "The Slave Market," and "Theatrical Rehearsal in the House of an Ancient Roman Poet".
Gustave Boulanger also played a role in the cultural landscape of his time, teaching at the Académie Julian, where he influenced a generation of artists. His contributions to art and his ability to capture the spirit of different eras continue to be celebrated by collectors and experts in art and antiques.
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Charles-Antoine Coypel was a multifaceted French Rococo artist, known for his contributions as a painter, designer, playwright, and art critic. Born into a family with a significant artistic legacy, Coypel rose to prominence in the French court, eventually serving as the court painter and the director of the Académie Royale. His work, which often blended dramatic narrative with intricate detail, played a pivotal role in the development of Rococo art in France, reflecting the opulent and expressive tendencies of the period.
Coypel's artistic output includes a range of subjects, from religious themes, as seen in his etching "The Virgin and Child," to theatrical history paintings that convey operatic passions and high drama. His ability to infuse his compositions with emotional depth and narrative complexity, alongside his mastery of the Rococo style's playful and ornamental characteristics, distinguishes his work within the era. Notably, Coypel was also involved in the design of tapestries for the Gobelins Manufactory, illustrating scenes from Miguel de Cervantes's "Don Quixote," which remained influential through the end of the 18th century.
His artworks, such as "The Virgin and Child," showcase not only his technical skill but also his sensitivity to composition and form, contributing to his reputation as one of the leading painters in the French court during the 18th century. Coypel's legacy is preserved in his paintings, etchings, and tapestry designs, which continue to be celebrated for their artistic and historical significance.
For collectors and experts in art and antiques, Charles-Antoine Coypel's work represents an essential connection to the Rococo period's rich cultural and aesthetic traditions. His contributions to French art history, particularly through his role at the Académie Royale and his influence on the development of Rococo style, make his work a valuable study for those interested in the dynamics of French art and culture during the 18th century.
To stay informed about updates related to Charles-Antoine Coypel, including new discoveries, sales, and auction events of his works, consider signing up for updates. This service will provide tailored notifications to enthusiasts and collectors eager to explore and acquire pieces by Coypel, ensuring they remain at the forefront of developments in the field of Rococo art.


François-Louis Schmied was a French painter, illustrator, wood engraver, printmaker, editor and Art Deco binder.
François-Louis studied wood engraving at the École des Arts industriels in Geneva and painting at the École des Beaux-Arts de Genève. A Swiss, Schmied settled and naturalized in France in 1895. In 1910, he was commissioned to engrave and print Paul Jouve's illustrations for Rudyard Kipling's The Life of the Jungle, which was not published until 1919. For this book, now considered a masterpiece, the master produced about 90 color illustrations. Thanks to the success of this publication, Schmied was able to expand his activity and hire a group of craftsmen to execute his most famous and innovative works.
François-Louis Schmied is considered one of the greatest Art Deco artists and became particularly famous for his beautiful rare books for bibliophiles. Schmied's unique books were very expensive to produce, which required a lot of time and effort, and were always printed in very limited editions, from 20 to 200 copies. During the Great Depression, Schmied's expensive projects could not withstand the competition: the master was forced to sell off almost all his assets and close his workshop and store, and around 1932 he left for Morocco, where he died.
François-Louis Schmied's works are not only aesthetically pleasing, but also express his desire to combine art and literature. The talented artist conveyed with passion and precision the essence of the Art Deco style contemporary to him. Today, Schmied's works, reissued as fine art reproductions, not only convey the aesthetics and precision inherent in each of his originals, but also add a new dimension to them. His son, Theo Schmied, took over François-Louis Schmied's workshop in 1924, reviving its former glory and revitalizing it over time.


Charles-Antoine Coypel was a multifaceted French Rococo artist, known for his contributions as a painter, designer, playwright, and art critic. Born into a family with a significant artistic legacy, Coypel rose to prominence in the French court, eventually serving as the court painter and the director of the Académie Royale. His work, which often blended dramatic narrative with intricate detail, played a pivotal role in the development of Rococo art in France, reflecting the opulent and expressive tendencies of the period.
Coypel's artistic output includes a range of subjects, from religious themes, as seen in his etching "The Virgin and Child," to theatrical history paintings that convey operatic passions and high drama. His ability to infuse his compositions with emotional depth and narrative complexity, alongside his mastery of the Rococo style's playful and ornamental characteristics, distinguishes his work within the era. Notably, Coypel was also involved in the design of tapestries for the Gobelins Manufactory, illustrating scenes from Miguel de Cervantes's "Don Quixote," which remained influential through the end of the 18th century.
His artworks, such as "The Virgin and Child," showcase not only his technical skill but also his sensitivity to composition and form, contributing to his reputation as one of the leading painters in the French court during the 18th century. Coypel's legacy is preserved in his paintings, etchings, and tapestry designs, which continue to be celebrated for their artistic and historical significance.
For collectors and experts in art and antiques, Charles-Antoine Coypel's work represents an essential connection to the Rococo period's rich cultural and aesthetic traditions. His contributions to French art history, particularly through his role at the Académie Royale and his influence on the development of Rococo style, make his work a valuable study for those interested in the dynamics of French art and culture during the 18th century.
To stay informed about updates related to Charles-Antoine Coypel, including new discoveries, sales, and auction events of his works, consider signing up for updates. This service will provide tailored notifications to enthusiasts and collectors eager to explore and acquire pieces by Coypel, ensuring they remain at the forefront of developments in the field of Rococo art.


Narcisse Virgilio Díaz de la Peña was a French painter of the Barbizon school.
Díaz exhibited many pictures at the Paris Salon, and was decorated in 1851 with the rank of Chevalier (Knight) of the Légion d’honneur.


Georg Baselitz is a German painter, sculptor and graphic artist. In the 1960s he became well known for his figurative, expressive paintings. In 1969 he began painting his subjects upside down in an effort to overcome the representational, content-driven character of his earlier work and stress the artifice of painting. Drawing from myriad influences, including art of Soviet era illustration art, the Mannerist period and African sculptures, he developed his own, distinct artistic language.


Jean-Louis André Théodore Géricault was a French painter and lithographer, celebrated for his pivotal role in the Romantic movement. Born in Rouen, France, in 1791, and educated among the elite in Paris, Géricault developed a profound connection with art from a young age, influenced by his training under notable figures like Carle Vernet and Pierre-Narcisse Guérin. This foundation set him on a path that diverged significantly from the classical traditions of his time.
Géricault's artistry is best known for its vibrant energy and emotional intensity, characteristics that marked a departure from the Neoclassical style predominant in the early 19th century. His most famous work, "The Raft of the Medusa" (1818–19), is a monumental canvas that dramatizes the tragic aftermath of the French shipwreck, Méduse, capturing the public and critical imagination for its raw portrayal of human despair and resilience. This painting not only criticized the French government but also showcased Géricault's masterful handling of drama, becoming an iconic symbol of Romanticism.
Throughout his career, Géricault remained deeply engaged with contemporary issues and the human condition, exploring themes of mental illness, social injustice, and the raw power of nature versus human vulnerability. His series of portraits depicting patients with mental illnesses, created towards the end of his life, highlighted his empathy and innovative approach to capturing human emotion and psychological depth.
Géricault's fascination with the dynamic forms and emotional potential of horses also led to some of the most stirring equestrian art of his time, reflecting his personal passion for horseback riding and his exceptional understanding of equine anatomy. This interest is evident in works like "A Horse Frightened by Lightning", showcasing his ability to capture motion and emotion in both human and animal forms.
Despite his premature death at the age of 32, Géricault's legacy endures, with his works residing in prestigious institutions like the Louvre in Paris. His artistic vision and dedication to portraying the realities and turbulences of his era have cemented his status as a pioneer of Romanticism, influencing subsequent generations of artists, including his contemporary and friend, Eugène Delacroix.
For collectors and experts in art and antiques, Géricault's oeuvre offers a profound insight into the Romantic spirit, embodying the tumult, passion, and innovation of an era on the cusp of modernity. His works continue to inspire and captivate audiences, reminding us of the power of art to provoke thought and evoke deep emotional responses.
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Jörg Immendorff was a German painter and sculptor, stage designer and decorator, and a member of the New Wild movement.
Immendorff painted in cycles that often lasted for years and were political in nature. His series of sixteen large paintings, Café Deutschland (1977-1984), is well known. In these colorful paintings, numerous disco lovers symbolize the conflict between East and West Germany.
Immendorff prepared several stage productions and designed sets for the operas Elektra and The Rider's Voyage. 25 of Immendorf's paintings were selected in 2006 for the illustrated Bible.




Anselm Kiefer, a German artist born in 1945, is renowned for his profound contributions to painting and sculpture. He is distinguished by his use of unconventional materials such as straw, ash, clay, lead, and shellac, which he selects for their symbolic and alchemical properties. Anselm Kiefer's works often delve into themes of German history, mythology, and the Holocaust, using these materials to evoke a range of emotions and reflections on past and present.
One of his notable pieces, "Margarete," inspired by Paul Celan's poem "Death Fugue," employs straw to symbolize various themes, including racial purity and the fragility of life. Another significant work, "The High Priestess/Zweistromland," features an installation of lead books, reflecting on the transmission and preservation of knowledge. "Shevirat Ha-Kelim" is a sculpture that explores themes from the Kabbalah, representing the fragmentation of divine attributes.
Anselm Kiefer's art is not just visually impactful but also intellectually stimulating, encouraging viewers to ponder complex historical and philosophical questions. His works are displayed in prestigious venues worldwide, including the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris and private collections.
For art collectors and experts, Anselm Kiefer's oeuvre offers a compelling blend of historical depth, material innovation, and philosophical inquiry. If you're intrigued by Kiefer's unique approach to art and wish to stay informed about new works and auction events related to Anselm Kiefer, consider signing up for updates to ensure you don't miss out on the opportunity to engage with his profound and evocative creations.


Jules Bastien-Lepage was a French painter closely associated with the beginning of naturalism, an artistic style that emerged from the later phase of the Realist movement.
His most famous work is his landscape-style portrait of Joan of Arc which currently resides at the Metropolitan Museum in New York City.


Robert Combas is a French painter and sculptor. He lives and works in Paris.
He is widely recognized as a progenitor of the figuration libre movement that began in Paris around 1980 as a reaction to the art establishment in general and minimalism and conceptual art in particular.
Figuration libre is often regarded as having roots in Fauvism and Expressionism and is linked to contemporary movements such as Bad Painting and Neo-expressionism. It draws on pop cultural influences such as graffiti, cartoons and rock music in an attempt to produce a more varied, direct and honest reflection of contemporary society, often satirizing or critiquing its excesses.


David Teniers the Younger was a Flemish Baroque painter, printmaker, draughtsman, miniaturist painter, staffage painter, copyist and art curator. He was an extremely versatile artist known for his prolific output. He was an innovator in a wide range of genres such as history painting, genre painting, landscape painting, portrait and still life. He is now best remembered as the leading Flemish genre painter of his day. Teniers is particularly known for developing the peasant genre, the tavern scene, pictures of collections and scenes with alchemists and physicians.
He was court painter and the curator of the collection of Archduke Leopold Wilhelm, the art-loving Governor General of the Habsburg Netherlands. He created a printed catalogue of the collections of the Archduke. He was the founder of the Antwerp Academy, where young artists were trained to draw and sculpt in the hope of reviving Flemish art after its decline following the death of the leading Flemish artists Rubens and Anthony van Dyck in the early 1640s. He influenced the next generation of Northern genre painters as well as French Rococo painters such as Antoine Watteau.




François Girardon was a French sculptor of the Louis XIV style or French Baroque, best known for his statues and busts of Louis XIV and for his statuary in the gardens of the Palace of Versailles.

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Hubert Robert was a renowned French artist, celebrated for his captivating landscape paintings and architectural fantasies. Born in Paris in 1733, Robert's talent was nurtured early on, thanks to the patronage of the Choiseul family. His journey to Rome in 1754 marked a pivotal phase in his career, where he immersed himself in studying ancient and modern Italian architecture, significantly influencing his artistic style.
Hubert Robert's work is characterized by its romantic depiction of ruins, blending fantasy with historical accuracy, which earned him the nickname "Robert des Ruines." His landscapes and capricci, which are imaginative compositions of architectural elements, resonated with the art collectors and the aristocracy of his time, securing his place as a key figure in French art history.
Noteworthy are Hubert Robert's contributions to the design of picturesque gardens, where he provided atmospheric visions rather than practical layouts. His involvement in the creation of gardens at places like Ermenonville and Méréville showcases his ability to merge art with nature, creating spaces that were both innovative and inspirational.
His artworks, such as "The Port of Rome" and "The Old Bridge," are treasured in prestigious galleries worldwide, reflecting his enduring legacy in the realm of art and culture. For art collectors and experts, Hubert Robert's oeuvre offers a window into the 18th-century artistic landscape, where imagination and historical elements coalesce to form compelling visual narratives.
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Georg Baselitz is a German painter, sculptor and graphic artist. In the 1960s he became well known for his figurative, expressive paintings. In 1969 he began painting his subjects upside down in an effort to overcome the representational, content-driven character of his earlier work and stress the artifice of painting. Drawing from myriad influences, including art of Soviet era illustration art, the Mannerist period and African sculptures, he developed his own, distinct artistic language.

Odoardo Fialetti was an Italian painter and printmaker who began his training during the late Renaissance, and showed distinct mannerist sensibilities in his mid-career, adopting a much looser and more dynamic style in his later life.
Born in Bologna, he initially apprenticed with Giovanni Battista Cremonini, and after traveling to Rome, he moved to Venice to work in the elderly Tintoretto's studio.
From 1604 to 1612, he is listed as member of the Venetian Fraglia dei Pittori. In Venice, he painted a St Agnes for the church of San Nicolò da Tolentino and scenes from the Life of St Dominic for the sacristy of the Santi Giovanni e Paolo.


André Lanskoy was a Russian painter and printmaker who worked in France. He is associated with the School of Paris and Tachisme, an abstract painting movement that began during the 1940s.




Michael Kelley was an American artist. His work involved found objects, textile banners, drawings, assemblage, collage, performance and video. He often worked collaboratively and had produced projects with artists Paul McCarthy, Tony Oursler, and John Miller. Writing in The New York Times, in 2012, Holland Cotter described the artist as "one of the most influential American artists of the past quarter century and a pungent commentator on American class, popular culture and youthful rebellion."



William Shakespeare was a British poet and playwright and writer.
William's father, John Shakespeare, was a merchant and official in Stratford. There are reports that he was a sailor for a time before joining a theater company in London. Beginning in the 1590s, Shakespeare began writing plays, and in 1593 he published a poem, Venus and Adonis, which became popular. He dedicated it to the Duke of Southampton, who was a philanthropist and patron of talent, and soon his business was booming.
From 1592 to 1600 Shakespeare wrote his dramas and romantic comedies "Richard III", "The Taming of the Shrew", "Romeo and Juliet", "A Midsummer Night's Dream" and "The Merchant of Venice", as well as the comedies "Much Ado About Nothing", "Twelfth Night" and the tragedy "Julius Caesar". The playwright's business was so successful that he even bought a large house in Stratford. In 1599, Shakespeare became one of the owners, playwright and actor of the new theater "Globe". In 1603 King James took Shakespeare's troupe under his direct patronage. In the mature period, the great playwright turned to tragedies, there were "Hamlet", "Othello", "King Lear", "Macbeth" and others.
Although in the 19th century researchers had some doubts about the authorship of many of these works, William Shakespeare is considered the greatest English playwright, one of the best playwrights in the world. His plays have been translated into all major languages and to this day form the basis of the world theatrical repertoire, most of them have been screened many times. According to the Guinness Book of Records, Shakespeare remains the world's best-selling playwright, and his plays and poems have sold more than 4 billion copies in the nearly 400 years since his death.




Henri Matisse, a renowned French visual artist, was celebrated for his vibrant use of color and fluid, original draughtsmanship. Born on December 31, 1869, in Le Cateau-Cambrésis, France, Matisse initially pursued a career in law before turning to art. He first began painting in 1889, a change inspired by convalescence art supplies his mother provided. This marked the beginning of a journey that would see him become a leading figure in modern art.
Matisse's career is notable for its stylistic evolution yet consistent aim to capture the "essential character of things." His early works, characterized by intense colorism, earned him recognition as one of the Fauves, or "wild beasts." The period from 1908 to 1913 was marked by significant developments, with works like "Reclining Odalisque" and "The Red Studio" showcasing his mastery in balance and serenity. In the 1920s, his style evolved to more relaxed forms, with a focus on light, color, and decorative patterns in paintings like his odalisque series.
Matisse's exploration of various mediums, including sculpture and paper collage, reflects his innovative spirit. His later years were dominated by cut paper collages, as health challenges limited his ability to paint. These works, alongside his bold drawings and sculptures, cemented his status as a pioneer in visual art.
For collectors and art experts, Matisse's work remains a testament to creative evolution and expressive use of color and form. His masterpieces can be found in prominent museums and galleries worldwide, continuing to inspire and fascinate art enthusiasts.
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William Shakespeare was a British poet and playwright and writer.
William's father, John Shakespeare, was a merchant and official in Stratford. There are reports that he was a sailor for a time before joining a theater company in London. Beginning in the 1590s, Shakespeare began writing plays, and in 1593 he published a poem, Venus and Adonis, which became popular. He dedicated it to the Duke of Southampton, who was a philanthropist and patron of talent, and soon his business was booming.
From 1592 to 1600 Shakespeare wrote his dramas and romantic comedies "Richard III", "The Taming of the Shrew", "Romeo and Juliet", "A Midsummer Night's Dream" and "The Merchant of Venice", as well as the comedies "Much Ado About Nothing", "Twelfth Night" and the tragedy "Julius Caesar". The playwright's business was so successful that he even bought a large house in Stratford. In 1599, Shakespeare became one of the owners, playwright and actor of the new theater "Globe". In 1603 King James took Shakespeare's troupe under his direct patronage. In the mature period, the great playwright turned to tragedies, there were "Hamlet", "Othello", "King Lear", "Macbeth" and others.
Although in the 19th century researchers had some doubts about the authorship of many of these works, William Shakespeare is considered the greatest English playwright, one of the best playwrights in the world. His plays have been translated into all major languages and to this day form the basis of the world theatrical repertoire, most of them have been screened many times. According to the Guinness Book of Records, Shakespeare remains the world's best-selling playwright, and his plays and poems have sold more than 4 billion copies in the nearly 400 years since his death.


Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot was a French landscape and portrait painter as well as a printmaker in etching. He is a pivotal figure in landscape painting and his vast output simultaneously referenced the Neo-Classical tradition and anticipated the plein-air innovations of Impressionism.



